成藏要素的时空结构与油气富集——兼论近源富集成藏

doi:10.11743/ogg20050602

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

成藏要素和成藏作用的时空结构影响着油气的富集程度。在邻近烃源层与区域盖层地区的成藏组合中,成藏期与成烃期相近的时期内形成的油气藏富集程度相对较高。盆地或油气系统之中大多的主力油气藏都属于这种类型。在纵向上以源-盖之间没有大的、明显的构造变动和沉积间断作为近源组合,具体时间间隔初步暂定为不超过一个“期(在中、新生代)”或一个“世(在古生代)”,反之则为远源组合。在平面上依据分布于有效烃源岩分布区———烃灶位置的内、外,划分为“近源区”和“远源区”。现有勘探成果表明,塔里木盆地现已发现的哈德逊油田、轮古-塔河油气田、克拉2气田、牙哈油气田等大、中型油气田大多属自源或近源组合。松辽盆地已探明原油储量的95%以上分布在主要源-盖组合之间的萨尔图、葡萄花、高台子3个油组中。因此,坚持“近源勘探”是发现高油气资源富集区的一个重要而实用的原则。近源油气田的勘探成效一般是非常显著的,但是,许多地区的近源油气田多分布在勘探难度大的构造带、复杂成藏带或探区的深部、超深部,以至常常是在远源油气藏之后发现。

关键词: 成藏要素, 时空结构, 近源, 成烃期, 成藏期

Abstract:

Time-space structures of reservoiring elements and process influence the level of hydrocarbon enrichment.In plays that are adjacent to the source rocks and regional cap rocks,when the reservoiring occurred close to the hydrocarbon-generating period,the reservoirs would have relatively high hydrocarbon enrichment.Most of the major reservoirs in a basin or petroleum system belong to this type of reservoirs.Vertically,if there is no large and prominent tectonic events or depositional breaks between the source and reservoir rocks,we call it near-source combination,and its specific time interval is preliminarily determined to be no longer than an "Age"(in Mesozoic and Cenozoic)or an "Epoch"(in Paleozoic);otherwise we call it far-source combination. Laterally,near-source and far-source areas can be defined according to their location to be within or outside the effective source rock area—hydrocarbon kitchen.The available exploration results indicate that most of the discovered large and medium oil and gas fields in Tarim basin,such as Hadson oilfield,Lungu-Tahe oil/gas field,Kela 2 gas field and Yaha oil/gas field,are(indigenous-or)near-source combinations.Over 95% of the proved oil reserves in Songliao basin is distributed in Saertu,Putaohua and Gaotaizi oil reservoirs between the major source and cap rocks.Therefore,"near-source exploration" is an important and practical principle for discovering prolific oil and gas enrichment areas.Exploration of near-source oil and gas fields is commonly very fruitful.However,most of the near-source oil and gas fields are distributed in structural zones with high exploration difficulties,in complex plays or in deep and ultra-deep horizons of the exploration area,thus they are commonly discovered behind the "far-source" oil and gas reservoirs.

Key words: reservoiring element, time-space structure, near-source, hydrocarbon-generating period, reservoiring period

中图分类号:

TE112.1

周兴熙. 成藏要素的时空结构与油气富集——兼论近源富集成藏[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2005, 26(6): 711-716. doi: 10.11743/ogg20050602 Zhou Xingxi. Time-space structure of reservoiring elements and hydrocarbon enrichment—concurrently discussing near-source reservoiring[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2005, 26(6): 711-716. doi: 10.11743/ogg20050602

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