准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系烃源岩三环萜烷分布样式及影响因素

doi:10.11743/ogg20170211

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 准噶尔盆地西北缘原油及烃源岩中生物标志物以高丰度的三环萜烷系列为典型特征，其分布样式的差异一直被当作研究本区原油成因类型及油-源对比的典型指标。通过对烃源岩样品的系统地球化学分析，认为本区风城组源岩（P₁f）主要以三环萜烷（C₂₀，C₂₁，C₂₃）呈“上升型”为特征，泥质岩类与碳酸盐岩类相比C₂₄，C₂₅三环萜烷含量较高；下乌尔禾组（P₂w）源岩和佳木河组（P₁j）源岩样品三环萜均呈“下降型”分布特征。通过对源岩镜下进行观察和加水热模拟实验等方法，分别探讨了沉积环境与母质类型、成熟度及排烃作用对三环萜分布样式的影响，认为P₁f和P₂w源岩中三环萜烷的分布主要受控于沉积环境和母质类型的原生差异。P₁f源岩有机质多源于本地沉积的藻类及细菌，沉积环境属于蒸发、还原的咸化湖沉积；P₂w源岩中外来有机质含量相对较多，沉积环境属于淡水还原环境。P₁j源岩整体热演化程度较高，有机质炭化作用强烈；埋藏成熟演化在有机质处于成熟-高熟阶段内对三环萜烷分布样式影响不大，若达到过熟阶段则会造成低碳数三环萜烷（C₂₀，C₂₁）含量增加；排烃作用对三环萜烷影响相对较小，不改变其分布样式。

关键词: 三环萜烷, 生物标志物, 加水热模拟, 二叠系, 烃源岩, 玛湖凹陷, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract: Biomarkers extracted from the crude oil and source rock samples obtained from the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin are characterized by high abundance of tricyclic terpanes (TTs).The distribution pattern of TTs has been used to distinguish oil families and to conduct oil-source correlations.Comprehensive geochemical analyses of source rock samples reveal that different distribution patterns of TTs correspond to different sets of source rocks,i.e.the Fengcheng Formation(P₁f) features in "Going Up" of C₂₀,C₂₁ and C₂₃ TTs,with higher amounts of C₂₄ and C₂₅ TTs for mudstones in comparison with carbonate rocks;the Lower Wuerhe Formation(P₂w)and the Jiamuhe Formation(P₁j)are characterized by "Going Down" of C₂₀,C₂₁ and C₂₃ TTs.The influences of sedimentary environment,kerogen type,maturity and hydrocarbon expulsion on distribution of TTs were studied through microscopic observation of thin sections and hydrous pyrolysis simulation.We concluded that the TTs distribution patterns of P₁f and P₂w are mainly controlled by sedimentary environment and kerogen type.The organic matters of the P₁f source rocks were mainly derived from autochthonous algae or bacteria and were deposited in an evaporative reducing salt lake,while allochthonous organic matters were relatively abundant in the P₂w and were deposited in a semi-reducing fresh lacustrine environment.The P₁j source rocks are currently over-mature and have experienced intense carbonization.Burial thermal evolution has limited impacts on the distribution patterns of TTs during mature and high-mature stage,but can result in the increase of low carbon number terpanes during over-mature stage.Hydrocarbon expulsion has limited influences on the TTs distribution pattern.

Key words: tricyclic terpanes, biomarkers, hydrou pyrolysis, Permian source rock, Mahu Depression, Junggar Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.1

陈哲龙,柳广弟,卫延召,等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖凹陷二叠系烃源岩三环萜烷分布样式及影响因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2017, 38(2): 311-322. doi: 10.11743/ogg20170211 Chen Zhelong,Liu Guangdi,Wei Yanzhao,et al. Distribution pattern of tricyclic terpanes and its influencing factors in the Permian source rocks from Mahu Depression in the Junggar Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(2): 311-322. doi: 10.11743/ogg20170211

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