中国古老小克拉通台内裂陷特征及石油地质意义

doi:10.11743/ogg20200102

石油与天然气地质 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 15-25.doi: 10.11743/ogg20200102

中国古老小克拉通台内裂陷特征及石油地质意义

沈安江^1,²(), 陈娅娜^1,^3,*(), 张建勇^1,³, 倪新锋^1,², 周进高^1,², 吴兴宁^1,²

1. 中国石油杭州地质研究院, 浙江杭州 310023
2. 中国石油天然气集团公司碳酸盐岩储层重点实验室, 浙江杭州 310023
3. 中国石油勘探开发研究院四川盆地中心, 四川成都 610094

收稿日期:2019-03-17 出版日期:2020-02-01 发布日期:2020-01-19
通讯作者: 陈娅娜 E-mail:shenaj_hz@petrochina.com.cn;chenyn_hz@petrochina.com.cn
作者简介:沈安江(1965-),男,博士、教授、博士生导师,碳酸盐岩沉积储层。E-mail:shenaj_hz@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05004-002);中国石油天然气股份有限公司直属院所基础研究和战略储备技术研究基金项目(2018D-5008-03);中国石油科技重大专项(2018A-0103)

Characteristics of intra-platform rift in ancient small-scalecratonic platform of China and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration

Anjiang Shen^1,²(), Yana Chen^1,^3,*(), Jianyong Zhang^1,³, Xinfeng Ni^1,², Jingao Zhou^1,², Xingning Wu^1,²

1. Hangzhou Research Institute of Geology(HIPG), PetroChina, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
2. Key Laboratory of Carbonate Reservoirs, CNPC, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310023, China
3. Research Center of Sichuan Basin, Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Chengdu, Sichuan 610094, China

Received:2019-03-17 Online:2020-02-01 Published:2020-01-19
Contact: Yana Chen E-mail:shenaj_hz@petrochina.com.cn;chenyn_hz@petrochina.com.cn
Supported by:
国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05004-002);中国石油天然气股份有限公司直属院所基础研究和战略储备技术研究基金项目(2018D-5008-03);中国石油科技重大专项(2018A-0103)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

台内碳酸盐岩是继台缘礁滩后值得关注的潜在勘探领域。基于露头、岩心、薄片观察及单井、地震、测试分析等资料，解剖四川盆地德阳-安岳晚震旦世-早寒武世台内裂陷石油地质特征及成因，类比塔里木盆地南华纪、鄂尔多斯盆地长城纪台内裂陷。结果表明：罗迪尼亚泛大陆裂解为德阳-安岳台内裂陷的发育提供了区域地质背景，张性或走滑断裂、差异沉降作用是台内裂陷形成的关键；德阳-安岳台内裂陷经历了灯二段侵蚀发育期-灯四段裂陷发育期-麦地坪组-沧浪铺组裂陷鼎盛-充填期-龙王庙组缓坡台地发育期的演化过程，其控制了筇竹寺组、麦地坪组两套烃源岩和灯四段、龙王庙组两套储集层的发育；烃源岩和储集层的空间配置构成"侧生侧储"和"下生上储"两类成藏组合；塔里木盆地南华纪、鄂尔多斯盆地长城纪台内裂陷与德阳-安岳台内裂陷具相似的地质特征，勘探潜力值得期待。上述认识使勘探领域由台缘拓展到台内，对中国古老小克拉通台地海相碳酸盐岩油气勘探具指导意义。

关键词: 海相碳酸盐岩, 台内裂陷, 震旦纪, 寒武纪, 长城纪, 四川盆地, 塔里木盆地, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

The intra-platform carbonate rock is another potential for hydrocarbon exploration in addition to reef-shoal at the platform margins.The study focuses on the elucidation of petroleum geologic characteristics and origin of intra-platform rifts in the Deyang-Anyue area during the Upper Sinian-Lower Cambrian, Sichuan Basin, and analysis of analogues of the intra-platform rifts such as the Tarim Basin during the Nanhua Period and the Ordos Basin during the Changcheng Period, based on the outcrop, core, and thin section observation, as well as single-well, seismic and testing data.The results show that (1) the breakup of Rodinia Pangaea provides the regional geological setting for the development of Deyang-Anyue intra-platform rifts.Tensional or strike-slipping faulting and differential subsidence are key to the formation of intra-platform rifts; (2) The Deyang-Anyue intra-platform rifts have gone through four stages of evolution, namely, the erosional stage during the deposition of the 2nd member of Dengying Formation, the rifting stage during the 4th member of Dengying Formation, the rifting climax-filling stage during the Maidiping -Canglangpu Formations, and the development of ramp-platform during the deposition of Longwangmiao Formation.In turn, the rift controlled the development of two sets of source rocks (Qiongzhusi and Maidiping Formations) and two reservoirs (the 4th member of Dengying Formation and Longwangmiao Formation); (3) Two types of hydrocarbon accumulation assemblages formed according to the spatial configuration of source rocks and reservoirs, with reservoir either alongside the source rock on the same depth level or above it; (4) The intra-platform rifts in the Tarim Basin during Nanhua Period and in the Ordos Basin during Changcheng Period share similar geological features with those in Deyang-Anyue area, indicating good hydrocarbon exploration potential.These results suggest that the region of hydrocarbon exploration can be extended from platform margin to intra-platform.This may shed a guiding light to the hydrocarbon exploration of marine carbonate reservoirs in ancient small-scale cratonic platforms in China.

Key words: marine carbonate rock, intra-platform rift, Sinian, Cambrian, Changcheng Period, Sichuan Basin, Tarim Basin, Ordos Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.2

沈安江,陈娅娜,张建勇,等. 中国古老小克拉通台内裂陷特征及石油地质意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(1): 15-25. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200102 Anjiang Shen,Yana Chen,Jianyong Zhang,et al. Characteristics of intra-platform rift in ancient small-scalecratonic platform of China and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(1): 15-25. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200102

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构造	定义	规模和形态	成因机理	地质特征
大陆裂谷	以高角度断层为界呈长条带的地壳下降区，包括主动裂谷和被动裂谷	深数千至万米，宽数十至数百千米，长数百至数千千米	大陆裂解(地幔柱上拱、热点)、伸展或剪切作用	位于大陆板块内部，最终演化为大洋，基底为洋壳和过渡壳。具有双峰式火山岩+类磨拉石+复理石建造；经历地堑、洋盆、消减或碰撞3个演化阶段
拗拉谷	拉张环境下形成的狭长沉陷带，通常认为是三叉裂谷系夭折的一支	深数千至万米，宽数十至数百千米，长数百至千千米	夭折的三叉裂谷、裂谷扩张轴迁移、走滑断裂	位于板块边缘，基底为洋壳和过渡壳。具有双峰式火山岩+类磨拉石+复理石建造；经历地堑、凹陷、造山或褶皱回返3个演化阶段
台内裂陷	碳酸盐台地内由张性或剪切边界断裂、差异沉降作用形成的带状沉降区	深数百至千米，宽数十至百千米，长百至数百千米	断裂拉张或走滑拉分作用、裂谷或坳拉槽插入台地的部分	位于碳酸盐台地内，基底为陆壳。台盆/陆棚+浅海沉积碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩建造；经历裂陷、凹陷、填平补齐3个演化阶段
坳陷	地壳上不同成因的下降构造单元	无尺度大小和形态的限制	同生断裂、古地貌低	位于碳酸盐台地内，不规则状(等轴或长轴)；基底为陆壳，浅海碳酸盐岩夹泥质岩；经历凹陷、填平补齐2个演化阶段

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中国古老小克拉通台内裂陷特征及石油地质意义

Characteristics of intra-platform rift in ancient small-scalecratonic platform of China and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration

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