石油与天然气地质 ›› 2022, Vol. 43 ›› Issue (3): 542-552.doi: 10.11743/ogg20220305

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

新疆北部油气晚期成藏特征与分布规律

支东明1,2(), 曹剑3, 张景坤3, 郑孟林1, 秦志军1   

  1. 1.中国石油 新疆油田分公司, 新疆 克拉玛依 834000
    2.中国石油 吐哈油田分公司, 新疆 哈密 839000
    3.南京大学 地球科学与工程学院, 江苏 南京 210023
  • 收稿日期:2021-08-17 修回日期:2022-03-08 出版日期:2022-06-01 发布日期:2022-05-06
  • 第一作者简介:支东明(1971—),男,教授级高级工程师,石油地质学。E?mail: zhidm@petrochina.com.cn

Characteristics and distribution pattern of late hydrocarbon accumulation in northern Xinjiang, China

Dongming Zhi1,2(), Jian Cao3, Jingkun Zhang3, Menglin Zheng1, Zhijun Qin1   

  1. 1.Xinjiang Oilfield Branch Company Ltd. ,PetroChina,Karamay,Xinjiang 834000,China
    2.Tuha Oilfield Branch Company Ltd. ,CNPC,Hami,Xinjiang 839000,China
    3.School of Earth Sciences and Engineering,Nanjing University,Nanjing,Jiangsu 210023,China
  • Received:2021-08-17 Revised:2022-03-08 Online:2022-06-01 Published:2022-05-06

摘要:

油气晚期成藏是大油气区形成的重要特征。综合前人认识与最新地质、地球化学数据,以新生代青藏高原隆升远程应力为重要成藏影响因素,对新疆北部地区的油气晚期成藏特征与分布规律进行了研究,以丰富和发展这一石油地质学研究前沿。结果表明,青藏高原隆升对新疆北部地区的油气晚期成藏很有可能产生了远程效应,包括成烃演化、原生-次生油藏调整与构造破坏等方面。成烃演化以准噶尔盆地南缘为例,天山快速隆升、强烈剥蚀,伴随巨厚山前沉积,为下伏多套烃源岩的成烃演化提供了必要的快速成熟地温,烃源岩规模生烃。原生-次生油气藏调整以准噶尔盆地腹部为例,喜马拉雅期构造自南向北抬升,浅层断裂发育,油气多源混合与次生调整频繁,形成自南向北数百千米的大型原生-次生叠置的复杂含油气系统。油气藏构造破坏以准噶尔盆地周缘为例,远程应力导致的强烈构造变形使得山前褶皱与断裂发育,广泛出露构造型油气苗,是油气成藏的“活化石”。据此思路,建议将新疆北部地区的准噶尔和吐哈等盆地纳入统一的超级盆地全油气系统,开展整体、系统研究,协同推进油气勘探认识。

关键词: 青藏高原隆升, 全油气系统, 超级盆地, 成藏效应, 晚期成藏, 新疆北部

Abstract:

The late hydrocarbon accumulation serves as an important feature for the formation of large-scale oil and gas field. To improve the understanding of the research front in petroleum geology, we investigate the characteristics and general patterns of the late hydrocarbon accumulation in northern Xinjiang from the perspective of far-field response during the Cenozoic Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplifting, while integrating current understanding and latest geological and geochemical data. The results indicate that the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplifting is likely to have a significant influence on the late hydrocarbon accumulation from far away in northern Xinjiang in terms of hydrocarbon generation evolution, primary-secondary reservoir adjustment, and oil reservoir destruction. As for the evolution of hydrocarbon generation, the southern margin of the Junggar Basin came into being with Tian Shan mountain range getting rapidly uplifted and strongly denuded, accompanied by thick piedmont deposits, which serves for necessary geothermal gradient for the hydrocarbon generation evolution of multiple underlying source rock sequences. A large amount of hydrocarbon got generated thereby. As for primary-secondary reservoir adjustment, the central Junggar Basin has undergone south-to-north structural uplifting during the Himalayan movement period; as a result, shallow faults are developed, multi-source oil and gas mixing and secondary adjustment occur frequently, and a large-scale complex petroleum system with primary and secondary reservoirs superimposed is formed stretching hundreds of kilometers from south to north. As for structural destruction of oil and gas reservoirs, the Junggar Basin margin has experienced strong structural deformation caused by far-field response of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplifting, resulting in piedmont fold and fault development and widely exposure of structural oil and gas seeps, the “living fossils” for hydrocarbon accumulation. In all, it is suggested that the basins in northern Xinjiang including the Junggar and Turpan?Hami Basins, should be considered in a unified total petroleum system of super basin in the future, where a holistic view on the petroleum exploration is supposed to be promoted.

Key words: Qinghai-Tibet Plateau uplifting, total petroleum system, super basin, hydrocarbon accumulation effect, late hydrocarbon accumulation, northern Xinjiang

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