石油与天然气地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 1483-1501.doi: 10.11743/ogg20240519
孟庆强1,2(), 金之钧1,3,4, 刘全有3(), 孙冬胜1, 孙建芳1, 朱东亚1, 黄晓伟5, 周袁6, 李强2, 魏永波7, 苏宇通3, 王璐3, 李朋朋3, 刘润超3, 刘佳宜1
收稿日期:
2024-04-27
修回日期:
2024-07-02
出版日期:
2024-10-30
发布日期:
2024-11-06
通讯作者:
刘全有
E-mail:mengqq2004@163.com;qyliu@sohu.com
第一作者简介:
孟庆强(1978—),男,博士、高级工程师,天然氢形成机理与分布规律、油气成藏机理与分布预测。E‑mail: mengqq2004@163.com。
基金项目:
Qingqiang MENG1,2(), Zhijun JIN1,3,4, Quanyou LIU3(), Dongsheng SUN1, Jianfang SUN1, Dongya ZHU1, Xiaowei HUANG5, Yuan ZHOU6, Qiang LI2, Yongbo WEI7, Yutong SU3, Lu WANG3, Pengpeng LI3, Runchao LIU3, Jiayi LIU1
Received:
2024-04-27
Revised:
2024-07-02
Online:
2024-10-30
Published:
2024-11-06
Contact:
Quanyou LIU
E-mail:mengqq2004@163.com;qyliu@sohu.com
摘要:
化石能源导致的碳排放对环境可持续发展构成了巨大挑战,寻找低碳甚至零碳排放的清洁能源,是能源研究领域的重大科学问题和技术难题。天然氢气以其高热值、零排放和低价格的特点被视为未来最理想的清洁能源。通过分析氢气获取方式及发展趋势、天然氢气的形成及富集机理、分布特征、天然氢气形成与示踪、运移与保存理论和技术等的新进展,综合研究全球天然氢气勘探实践采用的新方法、取得的新成果,提出了天然氢气形成、保存与成藏理论、技术的关键科学问题。研究认为: 天然氢气的资源量较大,形成机理多样,聚集过程复杂,勘探与开发风险较大,应加强基础理论研究,积极进行天然氢气勘探开发技术、装备研发;提出天然氢气勘探的“遥感圈方向,物探定来源,化探选目标”的工作方法;政府、行业应该在政策上予以积极支持,加强顶层设计,出台相关政策,推动天然氢气的研究与勘探开发。
中图分类号:
表1
当前主要制氢技术及其特点对比(修改自文献[6])"
氢气类型 | 技术路线 | 技术成熟度 | 成本/(元/kg) | 碳排放强度* | 主要特点 | 发展趋势 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
灰氢 | 煤制氢 | 成熟 | 6.0~12.0 | 19~29 | 适合大规模制氢,成本低,碳排放强,杂质气体多 | 逐渐减少 |
天然气制氢 | 成熟 | 7.0~24.0 | 10~12 | |||
蓝氢 | 煤制氢+CCUS | 示范论证 | 11.0~15.0 | ≤2 | 碳排放强度明显降低,成本相对较高,对碳价敏感 | 与油气开发技术耦合发展 |
天然气制氢+CCUS | 示范论证 | ≤1 | ||||
焦炉煤气制氢 | 成熟 | 0.8~1.3 | 2~5 | 排放强度不大,价格低,适合规模化生产;杂质气体复杂,提纯难度大 | 短期看适合推广,但产能有限 | |
氯碱化工 | 成熟 | 1.2~1.8 | ||||
轻烃利用 | 成熟 | 1.2~1.8 | ||||
合成氨、合成甲醇 | 成熟 | 1.3~2.0 | ||||
绿氢 | 电网电力电解水制氢 | 初步成熟 | 21.0~31.0 | 38~45 | 氢气纯度高;成本高 | 未来主要供氢形式,目前产能较低 |
水电风电电解水制氢 | <1 | |||||
光伏发电制氢 | <3 |
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