石油与天然气地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1590-1604.doi: 10.11743/ogg20240607
李明瑞1,2(), 史云鹤1,3(), 范立勇1,3, 戴贤铎1,3, 荆雪媛1,3, 张沂4
收稿日期:
2024-05-26
修回日期:
2024-07-01
出版日期:
2024-12-30
发布日期:
2024-12-31
通讯作者:
史云鹤
E-mail:lmrui_cq@petrochina.com.cn;syhe_cq@petrochina.com.cn
第一作者简介:
李明瑞(1975—),男,博士、教授级高级工程师,油气勘探综合研究和勘探管理。E‑mail: lmrui_cq@petrochina.com.cn。
基金项目:
Mingrui LI1,2(), Yunhe SHI1,3(), Liyong FAN1,3, Xianduo DAI1,3, Xueyuan JING1,3, Yi ZHANG4
Received:
2024-05-26
Revised:
2024-07-01
Online:
2024-12-30
Published:
2024-12-31
Contact:
Yunhe SHI
E-mail:lmrui_cq@petrochina.com.cn;syhe_cq@petrochina.com.cn
摘要:
鄂尔多斯盆地长庆油田在盆内煤岩气领域取得了良好的勘探进展,发现CH4多以吸附态和游离态赋存于煤岩中,形成自生自储型煤岩气藏。针对上古生界本溪组8#煤岩为代表的煤岩气藏特征进行了深入研究。结果表明:鄂尔多斯盆地自上而下发育10套煤岩,其中5#和8#煤岩为主力煤岩,分布稳定,厚度大。本溪组煤岩气相较于浅层煤层气表现出“高压力、高温度、高含气、高饱和、高游离”等5高特征。气藏平均地层压力22 ~ 35 MPa,压力高但压力系数为1.0 ~ 1.1,为正常压力系统。气藏平均地层温度为67 ~ 92 ℃,地温梯度为29. 4 ℃/km,属于正常地温梯度。气体组分中CH4含量平均值为96.92 %,C2H6含量平均值为0.61 %,CO2含量平均值为0.85 %,N2含量平均值为1.47 %,为干气气藏。气藏地层水矿化度为41 644 ~ 89 776 mg/L,平均值为62 228 mg/L,为CaCl2型原生地层水,未受浅层水的影响。煤岩气试气产量高,生产阶段控压生产情况下产量稳定、压降速率低、稳产效果好。通过对煤岩气与苏里格气区石盒子组8段与山西组1段内致密砂岩气的系统性对比分析,发现两者在气藏类型、气藏压力和温度、气体成分、地层水性质及产能特征等主要气藏特征方面具有相似性,这个规律对后期煤岩气的大规模开发和建产具有指导意义。
中图分类号:
图5
鄂尔多斯盆地本溪组8#煤岩宏观煤岩类型及煤体结构显微照片a. 光亮煤,具有强的光泽强度,光亮成分含量大于75 %, Q36井,岩心;b. 半亮煤,相对光泽强度较强,光亮成分含量介于50 %~75 %, H10井,岩心;c. 半暗煤,相对光泽强度较弱,光亮成分含量介于25 %~75 %, H10井,岩心;d.暗淡煤,相对光泽强度暗淡,光亮成分含量小于25 %, J26井,岩心;e. 原生结构煤,呈棱角块状,硬度较强, M172井,岩心;f. 原生结构煤,层状构造, M172井,铸体薄片(正交光);g. 碎裂煤体结构,割理和裂隙发育,致煤体碎裂呈棱角状, Y40井,铸体薄片(单偏光);h. 碎粒煤体结构,煤体呈透镜状和不规则团块,层理界限模糊, Y106井,铸体薄片(单偏光)"
表3
煤体结构划分标准"
煤体结构 | 分层特征 | 层理特征 | 破碎程度 | 裂隙发育特征 | 手试硬度 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
原生 结构煤 | 平行层状, 上、下层整合接触 | 平行层理,带状结构 | 呈棱角状块体, 且无相对位移 | 原生割理发育, 连通性较好 | 硬度较强, 煤块沿割理面断开 |
碎裂煤 | 类似层状的透镜体 | 层理界限清晰, 呈条带状结构 | 块体呈棱角状, 出现块体间的相对位移 | 发育割理和裂隙,且连通性好 | 煤块易沿裂隙面断开 |
碎粒煤 | 透镜体和团块, 与上、下层不整合接触 | 条状结构遭受破坏, 层理界限不清晰 | 块体遭受揉皱破碎, 粒径>1 mm | 割理遭受破坏, 连通性变差 | 硬度较小,易搓成碎粒 |
糜棱煤 | 透镜体和团块,揉皱分状, 与上、下层不整合接触 | 原生条状结构遭受破坏,层理不清晰 | 煤体严重破碎呈粒状或粉状, 粒径<1 mm | 发育揉皱镜面 | 硬度和强度很低, 呈粉末或粉尘状 |
表4
鄂尔多斯盆地东缘8#煤岩煤岩气与苏里格气田致密砂岩气组分对比"
层位 | 天然气主要组分含量/% | H2S含量/(g/m3) | 天然气相对密度 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CH4 | C2H6 | N2 | CO2 | |||
8#煤岩 | 95.17~98.34 | 0.03~1.72 | 0.05~3.28 | 0.52~1.21 | 0.007~0.013 | 0.603 9~0.631 0 |
(96.92) | (0.61) | (1.47) | (0.85) | (0.010) | (0.613 5) | |
盒8段 | 92.59~98.56 | 0.42~5.50 | 0~2.65 | 0~2.39 | 0 | 0.561 7~0.606 1 |
(95.73) | (2.35) | (0.34) | (0.59) | (0.581 1) | ||
山1段 | 91.93~98.50 | 0.06~6.22 | 0~4.32 | 0~2.56 | 0 | 0.553 0~0.598 3 |
(94.77) | (2.68) | (1.06) | (0.79) | (0.580 7) |
表5
鄂尔多斯盆地东缘8#煤岩煤岩气与苏里格气田致密砂岩气地层水性质对比"
层位 | 取值 | 地层水离子浓度/(mg/L) | 总矿化度 | 水型 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
K++Na+ | Ca2+ | Mg2+ | Cl- | SO42- | HCO3- | ||||
8#煤岩 | 范围值 | 8 964~1 8261 | 3 880~15 407 | 589~905 | 23 642~53 648 | 2 325~4 649 | 234~505 | 41 600~89 800 | CaCl2型 |
平均值 | (12 072) | (10 259) | (652) | (36 031) | (3 272) | (360) | (62 200) | ||
盒8段 | 范围值 | 2 544~9 619 | 2 883~8 946 | 94~2 345 | 11 973~27 452 | 238~8 842 | 114~530 | 21 500~50 300 | CaCl2型 |
平均值 | (6 284) | (5 421) | (565) | (17 123) | (2 102) | (330) | (33 900) | ||
本溪组 砂岩 | 范围值 | 3 452~54 442 | 2 910~63 912 | 196~12 155 | 1 030~199 123 | 143~16 676 | 468~1 230 | 17 900~323 400 | CaCl2型 |
平均值 | (20 361) | (25 936) | (2 591) | (80 029) | (3 914) | (621) | (132 000) |
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