伊拉克南部白垩系Mishrif组碳酸盐缓坡潮道沉积特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20200611

Abstract

Abstract:

The Cretaceous Mishrif Formation is a major carbonate pay zone in southern Iraq and characterized by typical carbonate ramp deposition, in which high-energy deposits of shoal facies serve to develop the best reservoirs.Further analysis of data from oilfields in southern Iraq reveals high-quality reservoirs in tidal channels of the Mishrif Formation that were previously mistaken for shoal facies.An integrated analysis of cores, casting thin sections, log and seismic data confirms that these reservoirs are indeed of tidal channel facies in lagoon environment.The tidal channel facies is widely distributed as a representative sedimentary subfacies in the area.The sediments of the facies contain grains of good sorting and rounding, and well-developed beddings with grain size showing upward positive rhythmic or homogeneous characteristics, corresponding to "bell-" or "box-shaped" log and seismic responses of weak peak interlayer.On a map view, the facies shows a banded N-SW-trending distribution characterized by an overall shifting from northeast to southwest.This study reveals that large-scale deposits of tidal channel facies are also developed in carbonate strata, a new founding that may serve as an important supplement to the sedimentary model of carbonate ramps.The understanding of carbonate ramps of tidal channel facies also sheds light on reservoir prediction and thereby lays a geological foundation for the design and adjustment of development schemes.

Key words: tidal channel facies, carbonate ramp, Mishrif Formation, sedimentary model, Cretaceous, Iraq

CLC Number:

TE121.3

Xianyu Mao, Benbiao Song, Rubing Han, Changbing Tian, Baozhu Li, Haiqiang Song. Depositional characteristics of tidal channel facies in carbonate ramp of the Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in southern Iraq[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(6): 1233-1243, 1256.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 1

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

References 27

1	BP.Statistical review of world energy[R/OL].[2019-06-19].https://www.bp.com/en/global/corporate/energy-economics/statistical-review-of-world-energy.htm.
2	Alsharhan A S , Nairn A E M . Sedimentary basins and petroleum geology of the Middle East[M]. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1997: 1- 942.
3	Aqrawi A A M , Goff J C , Horbury A A , et al. The petroleum geology of Iraq[M]. UK: Scientific Press Ltd, 2010.
4	Sharland P R , Archer R , Casey D M , et al. Arabian plate sequence stratigraphy[M]. Manama: Gulf PetroLink, 2001.
5	Wilson J L . Carbonate facies in geologic history[M]. Berlin: Springer Verlag, 1975: 348- 374.
6	Read J F . Carbonate platforms of passive (extensional) continental margins:Types, characteristics and evolution[J]. Tectonophysics, 1982, 81 (3): 195- 212.
7	Burchette T P , Wright V P . Carbonate ramp depositional systems[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1992, 79, 3- 57. doi: 10.1016/0037-0738(92)90003-A
8	Flügel E . Microfacies of carbonate rocks:analysis, interpretation and application (Second Edition)[M]. Berlin: Springer-Verlag, 2010.
9	Jordan C F, Connally T C, Vest H A.Middle Cretaceous carbonates of the Mishrif Formation, Fateh field, offshore Dubai[C]//RoehlP O, Choquette P W.Carbonate petroleum reservoirs, New York: Springer-Verlag, 1985: 426-442.
10	Alsharhan A S , NairnA E M . A review of the Cretaceous formations in the Arabian Peninsula and Gulf-part II:Mid-Cretaceous (Wasia Group) stratigraphy and paleo-geography[J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 1988, 11, 89- 112. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-5457.1988.tb00803.x
11	Alsharhan A S, Nairn A E M.Carbonate platform models of Arabian Cretaceous reservoirs[C]//Simo J A T, Scott R W, Masse J P.Cretaceous carbonate platforms, AAPG Memoir, 1993, 56: 173-184.
12	Aqrawi A A M , TehniG A , SherwaniG H , et al. Mid-Cretaceous rudist-bearing carbonates of the Mishrif Formation:An important reservoir sequence in the Mesopotamian Basin, Iraq[J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 1998, 21 (1): 57- 82. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-5457.1998.tb00646.x
13	Aqrawi A A M, MahdiT A, SherwaniG H, et al.Characterisation of the Mid-Cretaceous Mishrif reservoir of the southern Mesopotamian Basin, Iraq[C]//AAPG GEO 2010 Middle East Geoscience Conference & Exhibition Manama, Bahrain, March 7-10, 2010.
14	Mahdi T A , Aqrawi A A M , Horbury A D , et al. Sedimentological characterization of the Mid-Cretaceous Mishrif reservoir in southern Mesopotamian Basin, Iraq[J]. Geoarabia, 2013, 18 (1): 139- 174.
15	Mahdi T A , Aqrawi A A M . Sequence stratigraphic analysis of the mid-Cretaceous Mishrif Formation, southern Mesopotamian Basin, Iraq[J]. Journal of Petroleum Geology, 2014, 37 (3): 287- 312. doi: 10.1111/jpg.12584
16	王君, 郭睿, 赵丽敏, 等. 颗粒滩储集层地质特征及主控因素——以伊拉克哈法亚油田白垩系Mishrif组为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2016, 43 (3): 367- 377.
	Wang Jun , Guo Rui , Zhao Limin , et al. Geological features of grain bank reservoirs and the main controlling factors:A case study on Cretaceous Mishrif Formation, Halfaya Oilfield, Iraq[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016, 43 (3): 367- 377.
17	姚子修, 刘航宇, 田中元, 等. 伊拉克西古尔纳油田中白垩统Mishrif组碳酸盐岩储层特征及主控因素[J]. 海相油气地质, 2018, 23 (2): 59- 69.
	Yao Zixiu , Liu Hangyu , Tian Zhongyuan , et al. Characteristics and main controlling factors of carbonate reservoir of the Middle Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in the West Qurna Oilfield, Iraq[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2018, 23 (2): 59- 69.
18	刘航宇, 田中元, 刘波, 等. 中东地区巨厚强非均质碳酸盐岩储层分类与预测——以伊拉克W油田中白垩统Mishrif组为例[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40 (6): 677- 691.
	Liu Hangyu , Tian Zhongyuan , Liu Bo , et al. Classification and prediction of giant thick strongly heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East area:a case study of Mid-Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in the W oilfield of Iraq[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40 (6): 677- 691.
19	伏美燕, 赵丽敏, 段天向, 等. 伊拉克HF油田Mishrif组厚壳蛤滩相储层沉积与早期成岩特征[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2016, 40 (5): 1- 9.
	Fu Meiyan , Zhao Limin , Duan Tianxiang , et al. Reser-voir and early diagenesis characteristics of rudist shoal of MishrifFormationin HF Oilfield of Iraq[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum, 2016, 40 (5): 1- 9.
20	Burchette T P.Mishrif Formation (Cenomanian-Turonian), southern Arabian Gulf: carbonate platform growth along a cratonic basin margin[C]//SimoJ A T, Scott R W, Masse J P, et al.Cretaceous carbonate platforms, AAPG Memoir, 1993, 56: 185-199.
21	Buchem F S P V , Razin P , Homewood P W , et al. Stratigraphic organization of carbonate ramps and organic-rich intrashelf basins:Natih Formation (Middle Cretaceous) of Northern Oman[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2002, 86 (1): 21- 53.
22	田泽普, 刘波, 高计县. 伊拉克鲁迈拉油田白垩系Mishrif组碳酸盐岩生物碎屑和成岩作用特点[J]. 地层学杂志, 2016, 40 (1): 41- 50.
	Tian Zepu , Liu Bo , Gao Jixian . Bioclastic and diagenetic characteristics of Carbonate Rocks of Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in Rumaila Oilfield, Iraq[J]. Journal of Stratigraphy, 2016, 40 (1): 41- 50.
23	Dunham R J . Classification of carbonate rocks according to depositional textures[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1962, 1, 108- 121.
24	Rankey E C, Berkeley A.Holocene carbonate Tidal Flats[C]//Davis R A, Darymple R W.Principles of Tidal sedimentology, Netherlands: Springer, 2012: 507-536.
25	Murris R J . Middle East:Stratigraphic evolution and oil habitat[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1980, 64 (5): 597- 618.
26	Grélaud C , Razin P , Homewood P W , et al. Development of incisions on a periodically emergent carbonate platform (Natih Formation, Late Cretaceous, Oman)[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2006, 76 (4): 647- 669. doi: 10.2110/jsr.2006.058
27	Grélaud C , Razin P , Homewood P . Channelized systems in an inner carbonate platform setting:differentiation between incisions and tidal channels (Natih Formation, Late Cretaceous, Oman)[J]. Geological Society London Special Publications, 2010, 329 (1): 163- 186. doi: 10.1144/SP329.8

研究者	报道年份	研究区	划分方案	方案优势	依据沉积模式
Alsharhan A S	1988，1993	阿拉伯湾南部	沉积坡度非常低,有着近似缓坡的台地边缘，划分为台地边缘斜坡、厚壳蛤礁及礁缘、礁后(包含潟湖和浅礁)	强调了厚壳蛤滩沉积、成岩优势	Wilson(1975) 沉积模式
Aqrawi A A M	1998，2010	伊拉克中、南部	缓坡背景下划分为浅海内陆架、深海外陆架，内陆架分为厚壳蛤礁前斜坡、厚壳蛤礁、浅滩、潟湖、潮下或潮间带	确定了缓坡沉积背景
Mahdi T A	2013，2014	伊拉克南部	根据晴天浪基面与最大风暴面由深向浅划分为深海、浅水开阔海、厚壳蛤生物层、浅滩、后滩、潟湖、潮坪相	应用晴天浪基面、最大风暴面概念，且用浅水开阔海取代斜坡定义，更加凸显缓坡沉积背景与相关特征
王君刘航宇	2016 2019	伊拉克HF油田伊拉克WQ油田	划分为斜坡、台缘边缘、开阔台地、局限台地等，并认为开阔台地或局限台地内的优质储层主要是台内滩沉积	有利于解释静水或局限环境内相变较快的高能沉积体特征
伏美燕	2016	伊拉克HF油田	通过岩相识别划分出厚壳蛤滩、潮下浅滩、深水潮下以及潮汐砂坝等微相	引入潮汐概念对磨圆较好、交错层理等沉积特征进行解释	Flügel(2004) 修正沉积模式
Buchem F S P V	2002	阿曼北部	依据晴天浪基面与风暴浪基面划分为内盆地、外缓坡、中缓坡以及内缓坡亚相	证实了台地内发育下切谷与潮汐相关沉积	Burchette(1992) 沉积模式

[1]	Yue Gong, Zhiqiang Feng, Changwu Wu, Naxin Tian, Tianbi Ma, Dapeng Wang, Chongzhi Tao, Weiyuan Gao. Sedimentary system of the Cretaceous terrigenous clastics and its controlling factors in Senegal Basin, northern West Africa [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(6): 1244-1256.
[2]	Xixian Wang. Characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation pattern of heavy oil reservoir of fracture-pore limestone in EBANO oilfield, Mexico [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(2): 416-422.
[3]	He Tingting, Duan Taizhong, Zhao Lei, Liu Yanfeng. Triassic sedimentary model in Block T of Tahe oilfield, Tarim Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40(4): 822-834.
[4]	Wang Ya, Yang Shaochun, Lu Yan, Ma Baoquan, Zhao Yongfu, Wang Yongchao. Characteristics and controlling factors of effective reservoirs of Mesozoic low-permeability clastic rocks in Gaoqing Region,Dongying Depression, Bohai Bay Basin,China [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40(2): 271-283.
[5]	Chen Zhipeng, Ren Zhanli, Cui Junping, Qi Kai, Zhang Yuanyuan, Yu Chunyong, Ren Wenbo, Yang Guiling, Liu Runchuan. Age and petroleum geological implications of prolific formations in Ha'ri Depression Well YHC1,Yin'e Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40(2): 354-368.
[6]	Zhou Jian, Shan Xuanlong, Hao Guoli, Zhao Rongsheng, Chen Peng. Geochemical characteristics of Cretaceous source rocks and oil-source correlation in the Songjiang Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018, 39(3): 578-586.
[7]	Cai Quansheng, Hu Mingyi, Hu Zhonggui, Deng Meng. Sedimentary filling evolution of small-scale lake basins during intensive faulting:an example from the Shahezi Formation of Songzhan region in Xujiaweizi fault depression,Songliao Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(2): 259-269.
[8]	Ma Anlai, Sun Hongjun, Zheng Lei, Li Yuzhan, Xu Hai, Zhang Zhongming. A study on forming mechanisms of CO₂-rich reservoirs in Jupiter oilfield,Santos Basin,Brazil [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(2): 371-378.
[9]	Meng Yuanlin, Shen Wanqi, Zhou Xingui, Li Shizhen, Wang Dandan, Zhang Wenhao, Qu Guohui, Cui Cunxiao. Characteristics of the Lower Cretaceous source rocks and shale gas exploration potential of eastern basin group,NE China [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2016, 37(6): 893-902.
[10]	Tang Ying, Fan Tailiang, Zhang Tao, Wang Zhe, Zheng Yuanchao. Influence of tectonic movement on Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in the Zagros Foreland Basin: A case study of Y oilfield [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2016, 37(6): 944-951.
[11]	Wang Yuxiang, Zhou Wen, Guo Rui, Fu Meiyan, Shen Zhongmin, Zhao Limin, Chen Wenling. Rock types and characteristics of the Middle-Upper Cretaceous carbonate reservoirs in Halfaya oilfield,Iraq [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2016, 37(5): 764-772.
[12]	Yuan Jing, Cheng Ronghong, Zhu Zhongqian, Yang Xuejun, Yuan Lingrong, Li Chuntang. Multi-staged dissolution of sandstone in Cretaceous Bashijiqike Formation in DB gas field of Kuqa Depression,Tarim Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2016, 37(4): 546-555.
[13]	Tan Xianfeng, Xia Minquan, Zhang Qingxue, Wang Jia, Huang Jianhong, Ran Tian. Sedimentary characteristics of braided river delta of the lower member of the Lower Ganchaigou Formation in southwestern Qaidam Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2016, 37(3): 332-340.
[14]	Chen Xin, Wei Xiaodong, Li Yanjing, Xia Yaliang, Zhou Xiaoming, Wang Gan, Wang Xiaotian. Pre-drilling pore pressure prediction based on seismic data for exploratory well: Oilfield A in Iraq [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015, 36(6): 1038-1046.
[15]	Hu Xiaoqing, Fan Tingen, Wang Hui, Zhao Weiping, Zhang Yukun, Niu Tao, Xiao Dakun, Zhang Xianwen. Fine characterization of thick reservoirs with complex lithologies and its influence on oil recovery —A case from reservoirs of the 1^st and 2^nd Members of Shahejie Formation in A oilfield, Shijiutuo uplift in Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015, 36(5): 835-841.

Depositional characteristics of tidal channel facies in carbonate ramp of the Cretaceous Mishrif Formation in southern Iraq

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 11

References 27

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics