微生物碳酸盐岩“三因素”控储地质认识和分布规律

doi:10.11743/ogg20220308

Abstract

Abstract:

Microbial carbonates are very important hydrocarbon reservoirs. Stromatolite and thrombolite carbonates are commonly suggested to be better hydrocarbon reservoirs than other microbial and no-microbial carbonates. To check the truth of the suggestion， this study characterizes some modern microbial deposits and salt lake deposits， and performs simulated experiments of early degradation and buried pyrolysis of microbial organic matter， and genesis of dolomites by early precipitation and replacement. The results confirm the suggestion and reveal the uniqueness of microbial carbonate reservoirs with their special sediments and depositional setting. Three factors that control the formation of the reservoir are also proposed. （1） Compared with other microbial and no-microbial carbonates， stromatolite and thrombolite carbonates contain more original pores and microbial organic matter and therefore have a better material basis for becoming hydrocarbon reservoirs. （2） The production of organic acid by early degradation and later pyrolysis of microbial organic matter helps preserving and enhancing the original porosity， serving as a key factor for the development of stromatolite and thrombolite carbonate reservoirs. （3） Early dolomitization favors the preservation of pre-burial porosity and two types of low-temperature dolomitization （early deposition and replacement） tend to occur in carbonate-evaporite sedimentary sequences， which result in the development of stromatolite and thrombolite reservoirs in these sequences. The understanding is of great significance to the prediction of distribution of microbial carbonate reservoirs， based on which stromatolite and thrombolite zones are suggested to be promising hydrocarbon reservoirs in carbonate-evaporite sedimentary sequences.

Key words: early low-temperature degradation, late pyrolysis, early dolomitization, carbonate-evaporite sedimentary system, microbial carbonates

CLC Number:

TE121.3

Anjiang Shen, Anping Hu, Jie Zhang, Xiaofang Wang, Hui Wang. “Three-factor” driven microbial carbonate reservoirs and their distribution[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(3): 582-596.

Figures/Tables 11

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菌株	培养基	培养环境
氨化细菌	蛋白胨10.0 g/L，牛肉膏3.0 g/L， NaCl 5.0g/L， pH 7.0~7.2， 0.100 MPa， 121 ℃灭菌20 min，制得液体培养基	有氧，37 ℃
硝酸盐还原细菌	KNO₃ 2.0 g/L，柠檬酸钠10.0 g/L， K₂HPO₄ 1.0g/L， KH₂PO₄ 1.0 g/L， pH 7.2~7.4	厌氧，28 ℃
Fe还原细菌	胰蛋白胨（酪蛋白胰酶消化物）15.0 g，大豆蛋白胨（大豆粉木瓜蛋白酶消化物）5.0 g，氯化钠 5.0 g，pH 7.3±0.2， 121 ℃灭菌15 min	厌氧，30 ℃

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“Three-factor” driven microbial carbonate reservoirs and their distribution

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