基于模拟实验探讨断裂-流体-岩石体系中的矿物溶解-沉淀过程

doi:10.11743/ogg20230113

Abstract

Abstract:

Water-rock interactions in fracture systems and their significance to reservoir formation have always been a hot topic of interest for scholars around the world. Fluid may flow and transport along the fractures， dissolve surrounding rocks， precipitate new minerals， and change the morphology of storage space， all playing critical roles in the formation and distribution of carbonate reservoirs as well as hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. It is therefore of great theoretical and practical significance to identify the genetic mechanism of deep and ultra-deep fractured carbonate reservoirs. In this study， we carried out high-temperature and high-pressure dissolution simulation experiments on samples from the Ordovician Yijianfang Formation in the Shunbei area of Tarim Basin and performed numerical simulation with tools such as TOUGHREACT to identify the interaction mechanism between brine with dissolved CO₂ and carbonate rocks， to investigate the influence of temperature， pressure， fluid property and physical heterogeneity， and to calculate the Ca²⁺ diffusion properties and mineral dissolution/precipitation trends. The results show that the overall reaction is dominated by calcite dissolution with an increase in fracture width， number and volume， as well as sample permeability and porosity， indicating improvement of reservoir quality. This study clarifies that the physical heterogeneity and fluid hydraulic properties promote the main fractures as the main flow channels. The flow and reaction processes promote each other and together determine that the main fractures will not only be the dominant channels for fluid flow and the main place where water-rock reactions occur， but will also be the dominant reservoir space for oil and gas.

Key words: flow path, dissolution-precipitation, physical heterogeneity, fractured limestone, carbonate reservoir, Tarim Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Qian DING, Jingbin WANG, Leilei YANG, Dongya ZHU, Wenbin JIANG, Zhiliang HE. Exploring the mineral dissolution-precipitation processes in fracture-fluid-rock systems based on simulation experiments[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(1): 164-177.

Figures/Tables 13

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样品编号	深度/m	地表温度/℃	温度/℃	压力/MPa	反应时间/h	流速/（mL·min^-1）	体系
RS3-1	1 000	20	50	10	24	0.5	开放体系
RS3-7	2 000	20	80	20	24	0.5
RS3-9	3 000	20	110	30	24	0.5
RS3-16	4 000	20	140	40	24	0.5
RS3-12	5 000	20	170	50	24	0.5
RS3-10	6 000	20	200	60	24	0.5

样品编号	pH	离子浓度
样品编号	pH	［H⁺］/（10^-3 mol·L^-1）	［Ca²⁺］/（10^-4 mol·L^-1）	［Na⁺］/（mol·L^-1）	［K⁺］/（10^-3 mol·L^-1）	［HCO₃^-］/（10^-3 mol·L^-1）	［Cl^-］/（mol·L^-1）
RS3-1，（50 ℃， 10 MPa）	3.667 0	0.529 2	0.309 6	2.481 0	0.421 7	0.529 2	2.481 0
RS3-7，（80 ℃， 20 MPa）	3.134 0	0.575 1	0.259 9	2.746 0	0.775 7	0.575 1	2.746 0
RS3-9，（110 ℃， 30 MPa）	3.205 0	0.678 5	0.321 2	3.120 0	0.304 1	0.678 6	3.120 0
RS3-16，（140 ℃， 40 MPa）	3.272 0	0.853 7	0.394 1	3.038 0	0.303 2	0.853 8	3.038 0
RS3-12，（170 ℃， 50 MPa）	3.332 0	1.053 0	0.392 8	2.788 0	0.282 0	1.053 0	2.788 0
RS3-10，（200 ℃， 60 MPa）	3.718 0	1.292 0	0.146 7	2.955 0	0.288 3	1.293 0	2.955 0

参数	数值
孔隙度	2 %
压缩系数	4.5×10^-10 Pa^-1
岩石密度	2 650 （kg·m^-3）
导热系数	2.51 ［W·（m·℃）^-1］
岩石颗粒比热	920 ［J·（kg·℃）^-1］

样品编号	反应温度/℃	反应前质量/g	反应后质量/g	损失率/%
RS3-1	50	81.615 1	80.793 4	1.007
RS3-7	80	86.144 1	84.970 5	1.362
RS3-9	110	81.079 8	80.218 6	1.062
RS3-16	140	66.458 9	65.989 3	0.707
RS3-12	170	82.086 6	80.550 1	1.872
RS3-10	200	46.391 3	45.764 2	1.352

样品编号	反应前X轴方向渗透率/（10^-3 μm²）	反应后X轴方向渗透率/（10^-3 μm²）	渗透率变化率/%	反应前孔隙度/%	反应后孔隙度/%	孔隙度变化率/%
RS3-1	12.391 9	21.579 0	74	1.52	2.39	57
RS3-7	2.431 6	66.592 5	2 639	0.62	2.61	321
RS3-9	12.311 5	—	—	1.63	1.99	22
RS3-16	6.805 1	6.246 6	-8.2	1.56	1.91	22
RS3-12	22.294 7	901.302 0	3 943	2.33	4.38	88
RS3-10	5.846 7	—	—	1.83	3.25	76

Exploring the mineral dissolution-precipitation processes in fracture-fluid-rock systems based on simulation experiments

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