深部铅锌热液流体作用下的原油地球化学特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20230114

Abstract

Abstract:

Active deep hydrothermal fluids of different types are widely distributed in many areas of the basins in South China. The Lanping area， northwest Yunnan Province， is one of such places where mantle-sourced Pb-Zn-bearing hydrothermal fluids are quite typical and had led to the formation of ultra-large terrestrial sedimentary epithermal deposits with residual paleo oil and gas reservoirs showing hydrocarbon generation and reservoir alteration obviously dented by the deep Pb-Zn-bearing hydrothermal fluid activities. By analyzing the geochemical characteristics of biomarkers， hydrocarbons and heterocyclic compounds in crude oils and solid bitumen after hydrothermal alteration in Pb-Zn ore from the area， the study shows that， with increasing hydrothermal alteration， the relative abundance of biomarkers （e.g.， n-alkanes， steranes， hopanes， etc.） gradually decrease， the relative content of UCM increases， the weak even carbon number predominance gets more obvious （CPI ≤ 1.0）， the relative content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （PAHs） gradually decreases， and the relative abundance of phenyl derivatives （e.g.， biphenyl） and S-containing compounds （e.g.， thiophenes） progressively increase. The samples show no signs of influence of secondary effects such as biodegradation， evaporative fractionation， thermochemical sulfate reduction （TSR） and oil cracking. The change of geochemical characteristics of molecular compounds in the associated crude oils and bitumen of Pb-Zn ore samples is possibly due to the hydrothermal catalytic reaction of sedimentary organic matter or paleo-oil reservoirs with catalyst-rich mantle-sourced Pb-Zn-bearing hydrothermal fluids. This study reveals the coupling relationship between the deep hydrothermal alteration and the molecular geochemical characteristics， identifies the genetic mechanisms of heterocyclic compounds and proposes indicators for hydrothermal alteration of crude oils.

Key words: hydrothermal alteration, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, heterocyclic compound, Pb-Zn ore, deep fluid, geochemistry, secondary alteration of oils, Lanping area of Yunnan Province

CLC Number:

TE122.1

Huiyuan XU, Quanyou LIU, Dongya ZHU, Qingqiang MENG, Zhijun JIN. Geochemical characteristics of crude oils under alteration of deep Pb-Zn-bearing hydrothermal fluids[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(1): 178-185.

Figures/Tables 7

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Table 1

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地球化学特征	热液作用	无热液作用
饱和烃、芳烃	增加	不受影响
CPI	≤ 1.0	> 1.0
高分子量生物标志物	下降	不受影响
UCM	增加	不适用
UCM与主峰碳保留时间	一致	不适用
类异戊二烯	变化	不受影响
烷基化程度	不受影响或下降	不适用
多环芳烃	下降	不受影响
含S，O化合物	增加	不受影响
链状化合物	增加	不受影响
热力学平衡	可能不符合	符合

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Geochemical characteristics of crude oils under alteration of deep Pb-Zn-bearing hydrothermal fluids

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