渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷古近系孔店组二段页岩高丰度有机质富集模式

doi:10.11743/ogg20240309

Abstract

Abstract:

Shales in the 2^nd member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation （also referred to as the Kong 2 Member） in the Cangdong Sag contain high-abundance organic matter， showing great potential for shale oil exploration. However， the mechanisms underlying the organic matter enrichment are yet to be clarified due to the lack of fine geochemical research. Given this， we investigate the factors influencing of organic matter enrichment and the enrichment model in the Kong 2 Member shale using whole-rock X-ray diffraction， maceral identification on polished surfaces of whole-rock shale samples， rock pyrolysis， measurement of the total organic carbon （TOC） content， chromatography-mass spectrometry of saturated hydrocarbons， carbon isotopic analysis of monomer hydrocarbons， and the analyses and tests of major and trace elements. The results indicate that the organic matter enrichment inthe Kong 2 Member shale is influenced by multiple factors including terrigenous clastic input， paleoproductivity， paleoclimate， paleo-water depth， and paleosalinity. These factors govern the growth and development of algae and bacteria in the lacustrine basin of the Cangdong Sag， contributing to the formation of organic matter enrichment horizons with high TOC content during the T-R cycle transition period of the fifth-order sequence. Specifically， the terrigenous clastic input introducing abundant nutrients enhanced the biological productivity of the lacustrine basin. The paleoclimate， paleo-water depth， and paleosalinity largely determined the terrigenous/aquatic ratio （TAR） of the lacustrine basin. Furthermore， bacterial activity transformed organic matter， increasing the H/C atomic ratio and the saprofication degree of the shale. Shales in sublayer ⑧， primarily taking shape during the T-R cycle transition， of the C₃ layer under development are formed under paleoenvironmental conditions of a warm and humid climate， low salinity， and deep water. This sublayer， with an average TOC content of 2.7 %， S₁ of 3.7 mg/g， and producible oil index （POI） of 215 mg/g， boasts high abundance and favorable organic matter types， proving to be favorable landing zone for horizontal wells.

Key words: hydrocarbon-generating parent material, sedimentary environment, organic matter enrichment, shale oil, Kongdian Formation, Paleogene, Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.1

Xiugang PU, Jiangchang DONG, Gongquan CHAI, Shunyao SONG, Zhannan SHI, Wenzhong HAN, Wei ZHANG, Delu XIE. Enrichment model of high-abundance organic matter in shales in the 2^nd member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation， Cangdong Sag， Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(3): 696-709.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig. 1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig.10

References 66

1	张瑞，金之钧，朱如凯，等. 中国陆相富有机质页岩沉积速率研究及其页岩油勘探意义［J］. 石油与天然气地质， 2023， 44（4）： 829-845.
	ZHANG Rui， JIN Zhijun， ZHU Rukai， et al. Investigation of deposition rate of terrestrial organic-rich shales in China and its implications for shale oil exploration［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2023， 44（4）： 829-845.
2	白斌，戴朝成，侯秀林，等. 松辽盆地白垩系青山口组页岩层系非均质地质特征与页岩油甜点评价［J］. 石油与天然气地质， 2023， 44（4）： 846-856.
	BAI Bin， DAI Chaocheng， HOU Xiulin， et al. Geological heterogeneity of shale sequence and evaluation of shale oil sweet spots in the Qingshankou Formation， Songliao Basin［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2023， 44（4）： 846-856.
3	郭旭升，马晓潇，黎茂稳，等. 陆相页岩油富集机理探讨［J］. 石油与天然气地质， 2023， 44（6）： 1333-1349.
	GUO Xusheng， MA Xiaoxiao， LI Maowen， et al. Mechanisms for lacustrine shale oil enrichment in Chinese sedimentary basins［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2023， 44（6）： 1333-1349.
4	孙龙德，王小军，冯子辉，等. 松辽盆地古龙页岩纳米孔缝形成机制与页岩油富集特征［J］. 石油与天然气地质， 2023， 44（6）： 1350-1365.
	SUN Longde， WANG Xiaojun， FENG Zihui， et al. Formation mechanisms of nano-scale pores/fissures and shale oil enrichment characteristics for Gulong shale， Songliao Basin［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2023， 44（6）： 1350-1365.
5	米立军，徐建永，李威. 渤海海域页岩油资源潜力［J］. 石油与天然气地质， 2023， 44（6）： 1366-1377.
	MI Lijun， XU Jianyong， LI Wei. Shale oil resource potential in the Bohai Sea area［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2023， 44（6）： 1366-1377.
6	赵贤正，蒲秀刚，金凤鸣，等. 黄骅坳陷页岩型页岩油富集规律及勘探有利区［J］. 石油学报， 2023， 44（1）： 158-175.
	ZHAO Xianzheng， PU Xiugang， JIN Fengming， et al. Enrichment law and favorable exploration area of shale-type shale oil in Huanghua Depression［J］. Acta Petrolei Sinica， 2023， 44（1）： 158-175.
7	邓远，陈世悦，蒲秀刚，等. 渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔店组二段细粒沉积岩形成机理与环境演化［J］. 石油与天然气地质， 2020， 41（4）： 811-823， 890.
	DENG Yuan， CHEN Shiyue， PU Xiugang， et al. Formation mechanism and environmental evolution of fine-grained sedimentary rocks from the second member of Kongdian Formation in the Cangdong Sag， Bohai Bay Basin［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2020， 41（4）： 811-823， 890.
8	HARRIS N B， FREEMAN K H， PANCOST R D， et al. The character and origin of lacustrine source rocks in the Lower Cretaceous synrift section， Congo Basin， west Africa［J］. AAPG Bulletin， 2004， 88（8）： 1163-1184.
9	赵贤正，周立宏，蒲秀刚，等. 陆相湖盆页岩层系基本地质特征与页岩油勘探突破——以渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷古近系孔店组二段一亚段为例［J］. 石油勘探与开发， 2018， 45（3）： 361-372.
	ZHAO Xianzheng， ZHOU Lihong， PU Xiugang， et al. Geological characteristics of shale rock system and shale oil exploration in a lacustrine basin： A case study from the Paleogene 1st sub-member of Kong 2 Member in Cangdong Sag， Bohai Bay Basin， China［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development， 2018， 45（3）： 361-372.
10	赵贤正，周立宏，蒲秀刚，等. 断陷湖盆湖相页岩油形成有利条件及富集特征——以渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔店组二段为例［J］. 石油学报， 2019， 40（9）： 1013-1029.
	ZHAO Xianzheng， ZHOU Lihong， PU Xiugang， et al. Favorable formation conditions and enrichment characteristics of lacustrine facies shale oil in faulted lake basin： A case study of Member 2 of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag， Bohai Bay Basin［J］. Acta Petrolei Sinica， 2019， 40（9）： 1013-1029.
11	赵贤正，蒲秀刚，鄢继华，等. 渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔二段细粒沉积旋回及其对有机质分布的影响［J］. 石油勘探与开发， 2023， 50（3）： 468-480.
	ZHAO Xianzheng， PU Xiugang， YAN Jihua， et al. Cycles of fine-grained sedimentation and their influences on organic matter distribution in the second member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag， Bohai Bay Basin， East China［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development， 2023， 50（3）： 468-480.
12	方正，蒲秀刚，陈世悦，等. 沧东凹陷孔二段页岩有机质富集特征研究［J］. 中国矿业大学学报， 2021， 50（2）： 304-317.
	FANG Zheng， PU Xiugang， CHEN Shiyue， et al. Investigation of enrichment characteristics of organic matter in shale of the 2nd member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag［J］. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology， 2021， 50（2）： 304-317.
13	陈践发，许锦，王杰，等. 塔里木盆地西北缘玉尔吐斯组黑色岩系沉积环境演化及其对有机质富集的控制作用［J］. 地学前缘， 2023， 30（6）： 150-161.
	CHEN Jianfa， XU Jin， WANG Jie， et al. Paleo-environmental variation and its control on organic enrichment in the black rock series， Cambrian Yuertusi Formation in northwestern Tarim Basin［J］. Earth Science Frontiers， 2023， 30（6）： 150-161.
14	连梦利，刘达东，林瑞钦，等. 黔北地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩沉积环境及有机质富集机理［J］. 中南大学学报（自然科学版）， 2022， 53（9）： 3756-3772.
	LIAN Mengli， LIU Dadong， LIN Ruiqin， et al. Sedimentary environment and organic matter enrichment mechanism of Wufeng—Longmaxi shale in the northern Guizhou area［J］. Journal of Central South University（Science and Technology）， 2022， 53（9）： 3756-3772.
15	王波，吴志雄，周飞，等. 柴达木盆地西北区新近系咸化湖盆生烃母质类型与有机质富集机理［J］. 天然气地球科学， 2023， 34（3）： 496-509.
	WANG Bo， WU Zhixiong， ZHOU Fei， et al. The types of hydrocarbon source rocks and the mechanism of organic matter enrichment in the saline lacustrine basin of the Neogene in the northwestern of Qaidam Basin［J］. Natural Gas Geoscience， 2023， 34（3）： 496-509.
16	张天舒，朱如凯，蔡毅，等. 松辽盆地古龙凹陷白垩系青山口组页岩层序等时格架下的有机质分布规律［J］. 石油与天然气地质， 2023， 44（4）： 869-886.
	ZHANG Tianshu， ZHU Rukai， CAI Yi， et al. Distribution of organic matter in the Qingshankou Formation Shale， Gulong Sag， Songliao Basin observed within an isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2023， 44（4）： 869-886.
17	XIN Bixiao， HAO Fang， HAN Wenzhong， et al. Paleoenvironment evolution of the lacustrine organic-rich shales in the second member of Kongdian Formation of Cangdong Sag， Bohai Bay Basin， China： Implications for organic matter accumulation［J］. Marine and Petroleum Geology， 2021， 133： 105244.
18	李三忠，索艳慧，周立宏，等. 华北克拉通内部的拉分盆地：渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷结构构造与演化［J］. 吉林大学学报（地球科学版）， 2011， 41（5）： 1362-1379.
	LI Sanzhong， SUO Yanhui， ZHOU Lihong， et al. Pull-apart basins within the north China Craton： Structural pattern and evolution of Huanghua Depression in Bohai Bay Basin［J］. Journal of Jilin University（Earth Science Edition）， 2011， 41（5）： 1362-1379.
19	任建业，廖前进，卢刚臣，等. 黄骅坳陷构造变形格局与演化过程分析［J］. 大地构造与成矿学， 2010， 34（4）： 461-472.
	REN Jianye， LIAO Qianjin， LU Gangchen， et al. Deformation framework and evolution of the Huanghua Depression， Bohai gulf［J］. Geotectonica et Metallogenia， 2010， 34（4）： 461-472.
20	蒲秀刚，周立宏，韩文中，等. 细粒相沉积地质特征与致密油勘探——以渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔店组二段为例［J］. 石油勘探与开发， 2016， 43（1）： 24-33.
	PU Xiugang， ZHOU Lihong， HAN Wenzhong， et al. Geologic features of fine-grained facies sedimentation and tight oil exploration： A case from the second member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation of Cangdong Sag， Bohai Bay Basin［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development， 2016， 43（1）： 24-33.
21	蒲秀刚，韩文中，周立宏，等. 黄骅坳陷沧东凹陷孔二段高位体系域细粒相区岩性特征及地质意义［J］. 中国石油勘探， 2015， 20（5）： 30-40.
	PU Xiugang， HAN Wenzhong， ZHOU Lihong， et al. Lithologic characteristics and geological implication of fine-grained sedimentation in Ek₂ high stand system tract of Cangdong Sag， Huanghua Depression［J］. China Petroleum Exploration， 2015， 20（5）： 30-40.
22	韩文中，赵贤正，金凤鸣，等. 渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔二段湖相页岩油甜点评价与勘探实践［J］. 石油勘探与开发， 2021， 48（4）： 777-786.
	HAN Wenzhong， ZHAO Xianzheng， JIN Fengming， et al. Sweet spots evaluation and exploration of lacustrine shale oil of the second member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag， Bohai Bay Basin［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development， 2021， 48（4）： 777-786.
23	国家能源局. 全岩光片显微组分鉴定及统计方法：［S］. 北京：石油工业出版社， 2015.
	National Energy Administration. Maceral identification and statistical methods on polished surfaces of whole rocks：［S］. Beijing： Petroleum Industry Press， 2015.
24	李贤庆，熊波，黄光辉，等. 低熟源岩中矿物沥青基质的特征与成因［J］. 江汉石油学院学报， 1997， 19（2）： 29-35.
	LI Xianqing， XIONG Bo， HUANG Guanghui， et al. Characteristics and origins of mineral-bituminous groundmass in immature and low matural source rocks［J］. Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute， 1997， 19（2）： 29-35.
25	王铁冠，钟宁宁，侯读杰，等. 细菌在板桥凹陷生烃机制中的作用［J］. 中国科学：化学， 1995， 25（8）： 882-889， 898.
	WANG Tieguan， ZHONG Ningning， HOU Dujie， et al. The role of bacteria in the hydrocarbon generation mechanism of Banqiao Depression［J］. Scientia Sinica（Chimica）， 1995， 25（8）： 882-889， 898.
26	汪素风，陈云，伊海生，等. 西藏尼玛盆地古近纪湖相油页岩正构烷烃特征及其古环境与古气候意义［J］. 沉积与特提斯地质， 2023， 43（3）： 542-554.
	WANG Sufeng， CHEN Yun， YI Haisheng， et al. The characteristics of n-alkanes from the Palaeogene lacustrine oil shale in the Kanggale area， Nyima Basin， and their paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate significance［J］. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology， 2023， 43（3）： 542-554.
27	CRANWELL P A， EGLINTON G， ROBINSON N. Lipids of aquatic organisms as potential contributors to lacustrine sediments—Ⅱ［J］. Organic Geochemistry， 1987， 11（6）： 513-527.
28	李志强，杨波，王军，等. 南黄海盆地中-新生界湖相烃源岩地球化学特征及生烃史［J］. 石油与天然气地质， 2022， 43（2）： 419-431.
	LI Zhiqiang， YANG Bo， WANG Jun， et al. Geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation history of Mesozoic-Cenozoic lacustrine source rocks in the South Yellow Sea Basin， offshore eastern China［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2022， 43（2）： 419-431.
29	刘舵，谢春勤，陈治军，等. 正构烷烃分布在确定烃源岩生源构成中的有效性［J］. 断块油气田， 2019， 26（1）： 42-47.
	LIU Duo， XIE Chunqin， CHEN Zhijun， et al. Effectiveness of n-alkanes distribution on determining parent material composition of hydrocarbon source rock［J］. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field， 2019， 26（1）： 42-47.
30	VOLKMAN J K， ALEXANDER R， KAGI R I， et al. Biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oils from the Barrow Sub-basin of Western Australia［J］. Organic Geochemistry， 1984， 6： 619-632.
31	MOLDOWAN J M， SEIFERT W K， GALLEGOS E J. Relationship between petroleum composition and depositional environment of petroleum source rocks［J］. AAPG Bulletin， 1985， 69（8）： 1255-1268.
32	FILDANI A， HANSON A D， CHEN Zhengzheng， et al. Geochemical characteristics of oil and source rocks and implications for petroleum systems， Talara Basin， northwest Peru［J］. AAPG Bulletin， 2005， 89（11）： 1519-1545.
33	FU Jiamo， SHENG Guoying， PENG Pingan， et al. Pecuilarities of salt lake sediments as potential source rocks in china［J］.Organic Geochemistry， 1986， 10（1-3）： 119-126.
34	PETERS K E， WALTERS C C， MOLDOWAN J M. The biomarker guide［M］. 2nd ed. Cambridge： Cambridge University Press， 2004.
35	ROHRSSEN M， LOVE G D， FISCHER W， et al. Lipid biomarkers record fundamental changes in the microbial community structure of tropical seas during the Late Ordovician Hirnantian glaciation［J］. Geology， 2013， 41（2）： 127-130.
36	SHI Jiyang， MACKENZIE A S， ALEXANDER R， et al. A biological marker investigation of petroleums and shales from the Shengli Oilfield， the People’s Republic of China［J］. Chemical Geology， 1982， 35（1/2）： 1-31.
37	VOLKMAN J K. A review of sterol markers for marine and terrigenous organic matter［J］. Organic Geochemistry， 1986， 9（2）： 83-99.
38	HUANG W Y， MEINSCHEIN W G. Sterols as ecological indicators［J］. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta， 1979， 43（5）： 739-745.
39	BROCKS J J， JARRETT A J M， SIRANTOINE E， et al. The rise of algae in Cryogenian oceans and the emergence of animals［J］. Nature， 2017， 548（7669）： 578-581.
40	夏刘文，曹剑，边立曾，等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖大油区二叠纪碱湖生物-环境协同演化及油源差异性［J］. 中国科学（地球科学）， 2022， 52（4）： 732-746.
	XIA Liuwen， CAO Jian， BIAN Lizeng， et al. Co-evolution of paleo-environment and bio-precursors in a Permian alkaline lake， Mahu mega-oil province， Junggar Basin： Implications for oil sources［J］. Science China Earth Sciences， 2022， 52（4）： 732-746.
41	段毅，吴保祥，郑国东，等. 沉积物的单体异构和环烷烃碳同位素研究［J］. 科学通报， 2004， 49（2）： 199-202.
	DUAN Yi， WU Baoxiang， ZHENG Guodong， et al. Monomer isomerization of sediments and carbon isotopes of cycloalkanes［J］. Chinese Science Bulletin， 2004， 49（2）： 199-202.
42	FREEMAN K H， WAKEHAM S G， HAYES J M. Predictive isotopic biogeochemistry： Hydrocarbons from anoxic marine basins［J］. Organic Geochemistry， 1994， 21（6/7）： 629-644.
43	WILHELMS A， LARTER S R， HALL K. A comparative study of the stable carbon isotopic composition of crude oil alkanes and associated crude oil asphaltene pyrolysate alkanes［J］. Organic Geochemistry， 1994， 21（6/7）： 751-760.
44	鲁中灯，刘岩，陈祖林，等. 烃源岩抽提物中藿烷分子碳同位素分析新方法及指示意义［J］. 石油实验地质， 2022， 44（2）： 288-294.
	LU Zhongdeng， LIU Yan， CHEN Zulin， et al. An improved method and indications for the compound specific isotopic analysis of hopanes in source rock extracts［J］. Petroleum Geology and Experiment， 2022， 44（2）： 288-294.
45	FLOYD P A， LEVERIDGE B E， FRANKE W， et al. Provenance and depositional environment of Rhenohercynian synorogenic greywackes from the Giessen Nappe， Germany［J］. Geologische Rundschau， 1990， 79（3）： 611-626.
46	LI Qing， WU Shenghe， XIA Dongling， et al. Major and trace element geochemistry of the lacustrine organic-rich shales from the Upper Triassic Chang 7 Member in the southwestern Ordos Basin， China： Implications for paleoenvironment and organic matter accumulation［J］. Marine and Petroleum Geology， 2020， 111： 852-867.
47	HATCH J R， LEVENTHAL J S. Relationship between inferred redox potential of the depositional environment and geochemistry of the Upper Pennsylvanian （Missourian） Stark Shale Member of the Dennis Limestone， Wabaunsee County， Kansas， U.S.A［J］. Chemical Geology， 1992， 99（1/3）： 65-82.
48	ALGEO T J， MAYNARD J B. Trace-element behavior and redox facies in core shales of Upper Pennsylvanian Kansas-type cyclothems［J］. Chemical Geology， 2004， 206（3/4）： 289-318.
49	KIDDER D L， ERWIN D H. Secular distribution of biogenic silica through the Phanerozoic： Comparison of silica-replaced fossils and bedded cherts at the series level［J］. The Journal of Geology， 2001， 109（4）： 509-522.
50	RIMMER S M. Geochemical paleoredox indicators in Devonian-Mississippian black shales， Central Appalachian Basin （USA）［J］. Chemical Geology， 2004， 206（3/4）： 373-391.
51	LIANG Chao， WU Jing， JIANG Zaixing， et al. Sedimentary environmental controls on petrology and organic matter accumulation in the upper fourth member of the Shahejie Formation （Paleogene， Dongying Depression， Bohai Bay Basin， China）［J］. International Journal of Coal Geology， 2018， 186： 1-13.
52	HASKIN M A， HASKIN L A. Rare earths in European shales： A redetermination［J］. Science， 1966， 154（3748）： 507-509.
53	刘佳宜，刘全有，朱东亚，等. 深部流体对有机质生烃演化过程的影响［J］. 天然气地球科学， 2019， 30（4）： 478-492.
	LIU Jiayi， LIU Quanyou， ZHU Dongya， et al. Influences of the deep fluid on organic matter during the hydrocarbon generation and evolution process［J］. Natural Gas Geoscience， 2019， 30（4）： 478-492.
54	丁江辉，张金川，石刚，等. 皖南地区上二叠统大隆组页岩沉积环境与有机质富集机理［J］. 石油与天然气地质， 2021， 42（1）： 158-172.
	DING Jianghui， ZHANG Jinchuan， SHI Gang， et al. Sedimentary environment and organic matter enrichment mechanisms of the Upper Permian Dalong Formation shale， southern Anhui Province， China［J］. Oil & Gas Geology， 2021， 42（1）： 158-172.
55	腾格尔，刘文汇，徐永昌，等. 缺氧环境及地球化学判识标志的探讨——以鄂尔多斯盆地为例［J］. 沉积学报， 2004， 22（2）： 365-372.
	Tenger， LIU Wenhui， XU Yongchang， et al. The discussion on anoxic environments and its geochemical identifying indices［J］. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica， 2004， 22（2）： 365-372.
56	施春华，胡瑞忠，颜佳新. 栖霞组沉积地球化学特征及其环境意义［J］. 矿物岩石地球化学通报， 2004， 23（2）： 144-148.
	SHI Chunhua， HU Ruizhong， YAN Jiaxin. Sedimentary geochemistry of the Qixia Formation and its environmental implication［J］. Bulletin of Mineralogy， Petrology and Geochemistry， 2004， 23（2）： 144-148.
57	乔锦琪，刘洛夫，尚晓庆，等. 泥页岩中微量元素V、Ni、V/Ni与有机质丰度及成岩演化关系研究——以准噶尔盆地阜康凹陷为例［J］. 矿物岩石地球化学通报， 2016， 35（4）： 756-768.
	QIAO Jinqi， LIU Luofu， SHANG Xiaoqing， et al. The relationship between V， Ni or V/Ni ration and each of organic matter abundance and diagenetic evolution stages in shales： Taking the shales in Fukang Sag of Junggar Basin for example［J］. Bulletin of Mineralogy， Petrology and Geochemistry， 2016， 35（4）： 756-768.
58	韦恒叶. 古海洋生产力与氧化还原指标——元素地球化学综述［J］. 沉积与特提斯地质， 2012， 32（2）： 76-88.
	WEI Hengye. Productivity and redox proxies of palaeo-oceans： An overview of elementary geochemistry［J］. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology， 2012， 32（2）： 76-88.
59	HAVEN H L T， ROHMER M， RULLKÖTTER J， et al. Tetrahymanol， the most likely precursor of gammacerane， occurs ubiquitously in marine sediments［J］. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta， 1989， 53（11）： 3073-3079.
60	李进龙，陈东敬. 古盐度定量研究方法综述［J］. 油气地质与采收率， 2003， 10（5）： 1-3， 5.
	LI Jinlong， CHEN Dongjing. Summary of quantified research method on paleosalinity［J］. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency， 2003， 10（5）： 1-3， 5.
61	曹婷婷，姚威，李志明，等. 渤海湾盆地沾化凹陷湖相泥页岩地球化学特征及有机质富集规律［J］. 石油实验地质， 2020， 42（4）： 558-564.
	CAO Tingting， YAO Wei， LI Zhiming， et al. Geochemical characteristics of lacustrine shale and enrichment mechanism of organic matter in Zhanhua Sag， Bohai Bay Basin［J］. Petroleum Geology and Experiment， 2020， 42（4）： 558-564.
62	刘新宇，邵磊，史德锋，等. 西沙西科1井元素地球化学特征与海平面升降的关系［J］. 海洋地质前沿， 2021， 37（6）： 8-17.
	LIU Xinyu， SHAO Lei， SHI Defeng， et al. Element geochemistry of Well Xike 1 on the Xisha islands and its bearing on sea level fluctuation［J］. Marine Geology Frontiers， 2021， 37（6）： 8-17.
63	何雁兵，雷永昌，邱欣卫，等. 珠江口盆地陆丰南地区文昌组沉积古环境恢复及烃源岩有机质富集主控因素研究［J］. 地学前缘， 2024， 31（2）： 359-376.
	HE Yanbing， LEI Yongchang， QIU Xinwei， et al. Sedimentary paleoenvironment and main controlling factors of organic enrichment in source rocks of the Wenchang Formation in southern Lufeng， Pearl River Mouth Basin［J］. Earth Science Frontiers， 2024， 31（2）： 359-376.
64	卢双舫，张敏. 油气地球化学［M］. 北京：石油工业出版社， 2008.
	LU Shuangfang， ZHANG Min. Petroleum geochemistry［M］. Beijing： Petroleum Industry Press， 2008.
65	宋桂侠，惠荣耀，丁安娜，等. 松辽盆地滨北地区生物气源岩中醇、酮含氧化合物的地球化学特征［J］. 天然气地球科学， 2004， 15（4）： 360-366.
	SONG Guixia， HUI Rongyao， DING Anna， et al. Geochemical characteristics of neutral bearing-oxygen compounds in source rocks of biogas， Binbei area， Songliao Basin［J］. Natural Gas Geoscience， 2004， 15（4）： 360-366.
66	张水昌，张斌，王晓梅，等. 松辽盆地古龙页岩油富集机制与常规——非常规油有序分布［J］. 石油勘探与开发， 2023， 50（5）： 911-923.
	ZHANG Shuichang， ZHANG Bin， WANG Xiaomei， et al. Gulong shale oil enrichment mechanism and orderly distribution of conventional-unconventional oils in the Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation， Songliao Basin， NE China［J］. Petroleum Exploration and Development， 2023， 50（5）： 911-923.

[1]	Huimin LIU, Youshu BAO, Maowen LI, Zheng LI, Lianbo WU, Rifang ZHU, Dayang WANG, Xin WANG. Geochemical parameters for evaluating shale oil enrichment and mobility： A case study of shales in the Bakken Formation， Williston Basin and the Shahejie Formation， Jiyang Depression [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(3): 622-636.
[2]	Rui LOU, Yonghe SUN, Zhongqiao ZHANG. Segmented growth of low-angle normal faults in the western Bonan swell，Bohai Bay Basin and its petroleum geological significance [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(3): 710-721.
[3]	Zaihua HAN, Hua LIU, Lanquan ZHAO, Jingdong LIU, Lijuan YIN, Lei LI. Source rock-reservoir assemblage types and differential oil enrichment model in tight （low-permeability） sandstone reservoirs in the Paleocene Shahejie Formation in the Linnan Sub-sag， Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(3): 722-738.
[4]	Rui FANG, Yuqiang JIANG, Changcheng YANG, Haibo DENG, Chan JIANG, Haitao HONG, Song TANG, Yifan GU, Xun ZHU, Shasha SUN, Guangyin CAI. Occurrence states and mobility of shale oil in different lithologic assemblages in the Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation， Sichuan Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(3): 752-769.
[5]	Jun LI, Youlong ZOU, Jing LU. Well-log-based assessment of movable oil content in lacustrine shale oil reservoirs： A case study of the 2^nd member of the Paleogene Funing Formation， Subei Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(3): 816-826.
[6]	Xiaoyu DU, Zhijun JIN, Lianbo ZENG, Guoping LIU, Sen YANG, Xinping LIANG, Guoqing LU. Evaluation of natural fracture effectiveness in deep lacustrine shale oil reservoirs based on formation microresistivity imaging logs [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(3): 852-865.
[7]	Zhe ZHAO, Bin BAI, Chang LIU, Lan WANG, Haiyan ZHOU, Yuxi LIU. Current status， advances， and prospects of CNPC’s exploration of onshore moderately to highly mature shale oil reservoirs [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(2): 327-340.
[8]	Changbo ZHAI, Liangbiao LIN, Donghua YOU, Fengbin LIU, Siyu LIU. Sedimentary microfacies characteristics and organic matter enrichment pattern of the 1^st member of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation， southwestern Sichuan Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(2): 440-456.
[9]	Heyi ZHANG, Shuai YANG, Xihua ZHANG, Hanlin PENG, Qian LI, Cong CHEN, Zhaolong GAO, Anqing CHEN. Sedimentary microfacies and environmental evolution of the Middle Permian Maokou Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin： A case study of the Yangjiao section in Wulong District， Chongqing， China [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(2): 457-470.
[10]	Changyin SHAO, Fan SONG, Shiqi ZHANG, Qiuyue WANG. Architectural characteristics of beach-bar reservoirs in the lower submember of the 2^nd member of the Paleogene Dongying Formation in block SC7， Huanghekou Sag， Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(2): 486-501.
[11]	Hequn GAO, Yuqiao GAO, Xipeng HE, Jun NIE. Rock mechanical properties and controlling factors for shale oil reservoirs in the second member of the Paleogene Funing Formation， Subei Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(2): 502-515.
[12]	Wenzhi LEI, Dongxia CHEN, Yongshi WANG, Jianqiang GONG, Yibo QIU, Qiaochu WANG, Ming CHENG, Chenyang CAI. Accumulation mechanism and model of multi-type deep coarse-grained siliciclastic reservoirs in the eastern Jiyang Depression， Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(1): 113-129.
[13]	Hongguo ZHANG, Haifeng YANG, Wen SU, Chunqiang XU, Zhi HUANG, Yanjun CHENG. Key stages in hydrocarbon migration and accumulation in layers outside source rocks and the evaluation methods related： A case study of the lower member of the Minghuazhen Formation， Bozhong Sag， Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(1): 281-292.
[14]	Xinxu DONG, Xinghai ZHOU, Kun LI, Renhai PU, Aiguo WANG, Yunwen GUAN, Peng ZHANG. Seismic sedimentological characterization of an offshore area with sparse well control under the constraint of a high-resolution stratigraphic framework： A case study of the Paleogene Huagang Formation in block X of the central anticlinal zone in the Xihu Sag， East China Sea Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(1): 293-308.
[15]	Guanghui YUAN, Guangrong PENG, Lili ZHANG, Hui SUN, Shuhui CHEN, Hao LIU, Xiaoyang ZHAO. Diagenesis and low-permeability tightening mechanisms of the deep Paleogene reservoirs under high temperature and highly variable geothermal gradients in the Baiyun Sag， Pearl River Mouth Basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(1): 44-64.

Enrichment model of high-abundance organic matter in shales in the 2^nd member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation， Cangdong Sag， Bohai Bay Basin

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 10

References 66

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Enrichment model of high-abundance organic matter in shales in the 2nd member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation， Cangdong Sag， Bohai Bay Basin

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

Knowledge

Abstract

Cite this article

share this article

Figures/Tables 10

References 66

Related Articles 15

Recommended Articles

Metrics

Enrichment model of high-abundance organic matter in shales in the 2^nd member of the Paleogene Kongdian Formation， Cangdong Sag， Bohai Bay Basin