中国沉积盆地油气立体综合勘探论

doi:10.11743/ogg20210202

Abstract

Abstract:

Oil and gas exploration in China has entered the peak of discovery with breakthroughs made in mature regions, frontier areas, new plays, new types of rock assemblages and new domains for both conventional and un-conventional hydrocarbon reservoirs in recent 15 years.Discussing the nature and guiding notion of the exploration during this period is of significant referential value to the on-going hydrocarbon exploration in China.Viewing from sedimentary basin system theories and petroleum exploration methodology, the paper puts forward exploration scenarios and methodology for the coming era based on a combination of oil and gas geologic condition analyses of sedimentary basins with current exploration activities in China.It shows that the sedimentary basins in China are chiefly of multi-cycle superimposed type under the joint control of the adjoining plate tectonics, the intra-continental structural deformation, and the deep mantle geologic processes, which together have resulted in large-scale oil and gas accumulation in multiple reservoirs or plays.The sedimentary basins in China are rich in variety of resources, including conventional oil and gas, low-maturity oil, bio-methane gas, tight gas, shale oil and gas, coal, coal-bed gas, salt and gypsum, hydrate, and metals etc.Petroleum exploration in China, after stages for structural oil and gas pools and lithologic-stratigraphic oil and gas pools, is now entering a stage for both conventional and unconventional oil and gas—also called the "integrated 3D reservoir exploration" stage.The stage is characterized by a full-chain and integrated exploration that scans the basin as a whole and takes multiple plays, multi-scale reservoirs, hybrid resources as its targets.It drills into subsurface over 10, 000 meters deep and explored the deep waters.It is based theoretically upon petroleum geology advancements in multi-cycle superimposed basins, deeper understanding to the dynamics of oil and gas accumulation, and progress in unconventional petroleum geology.It employs technologies including the multi-scale (micro-to-nano meter scale) analytical methods for reservoirs, the high-resolution seismic exploration featuring wide-frequency, wide-azimuth, and high-density, as well as the massive fracturing in horizontal wells.It is performed by integrating geology and engineering, exploration and production.It thus guarantees an integrated exploration of both conventional and unconventional oil and gas as well as other resources like coal, salt and metals in the basins.

Key words: exploration strategy, sedimentary basin system, basin dynamics, unified petroleum system, multi-cycle superimposed basin, unconventional oil and gas, integrated 3D reservoir exploration

CLC Number:

TE121.1

Dengfa He, Desheng Li, Xiaoguang Tong, Xiaozhi Wu. Integrated 3D hydrocarbon exploration in sedimentary basins of China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(2): 265-284.

Figures/Tables 5

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 1

Petroleum exploration stages in China"

勘探阶段	石油地质理论	勘探对象	勘探理念	核心技术	典型油气田
构造油气藏	背斜学说圈闭成因学说陆相生油理论源控论复式油气聚集区(带)理论 (浮力为运移动力)	背斜为主背斜、断块、岩性等复式油气藏(陆相碎屑岩为主)	以背斜为主的圈闭(圈闭是油气聚集的基本单元)	地面地质调查，重、磁、电、地震、常规测井、钻探技术	延长、老君庙、独山子，克拉玛依、石西、彩南、陆梁，大庆、胜利、任丘、河南，柯克亚，冷湖、涩南，威远、卧龙河、罗家寨
岩性、地层油气藏 (非构造油气藏、隐蔽油气藏)	非构造油气藏理论煤成油、气理论三角洲大面积成藏理论前陆冲断带成藏理论克拉通海相成藏理论(生-运-聚-保过程控制)	岩性、地层油气藏，背斜-岩性、断裂-岩性、岩性-地层-构造油气藏等(陆相+海相)	多类型圈闭复式油气藏(含油气系统概念：从生油岩—圈闭，运聚过程中复式油气成藏；厘定了岩性地层、海域、海相和前陆4大勘探领域)	高分辨率地震技术山地地震勘探技术山地快速钻探技术超深井钻井技术油藏描述技术缝控储层改造技术	克拉2、塔河-轮南、哈德逊，克拉美丽，安塞、靖边、西峰、华庆、环江、延安、大吉、柳杨堡、鄂东，安岳、普光、元坝、成都、中江，庆深、龙深、大情字井，荔湾3-1
立体综合勘探 (常规油气藏+ 非常规油气藏)	叠合盆地油气地质理论非常规油气成藏理论煤层气(瓦斯)地质学	小断块、薄层砂体、深潜山、内幕潜山、白云岩、礁滩体、介壳滩、砂砾岩体、火山岩、变质岩等，页岩、油页岩、煤层、油砂等(低、深、隐、难；深层、深水)	常规油气精细勘探+致密油气规模勘探+非常规(页岩油气、煤层气、油砂、油页岩，油气-煤-盐-金属等)突破勘探(突破生、运、聚独立概念，合而为一；全层系、多类型、多资源、全链条整体勘探)	“两宽一高”地震技术低频可控震源勘探技术地震采集-处理-解释一体化储层岩石力学评价技术水平井+体积压裂技术地质-工程一体化勘探-开发一体化油气-煤-煤层气-钾盐-铀共采技术天然气水合物开采技术	克深、哈拉哈塘、顺北、轮探1，玛湖、昌吉，姬嫄、镇北-合水、南梁-华池、陕北、庆城，英雄岭、东坪、昆北，蓬莱9-1、渤中19-6，双鱼石、彭州、焦石坝、蜀南页岩气田，陵水17-2、25-1、流花29-1、29-2，宁波17-1、22-1、东方13-2

Table 1

Fig.4

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Integrated 3D hydrocarbon exploration in sedimentary basins of China

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