石油与天然气地质 ›› 1981, Vol. 2 ›› Issue (1): 37-46.doi: 10.11743/ogg19810105

• 论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

沉积盆地成因与地球的均衡作用

赵重远   

  1. 西北大学地质系
  • 出版日期:1981-03-25 发布日期:2012-01-16

THE ORIGIN OF SEDIMENTARY BASINS AND ISOSTASY OF THE EARTH

Zhao Zhongyuan   

  1. Department of Geology, Northwest University
  • Online:1981-03-25 Published:2012-01-16

摘要:

前言人们认识到地球上有沉积盆地存在已有一百多年历史。一百多年来,人们对沉积盆地的成因问题提出了许多见解,最早识别出沉积盆地,并给它以“地槽”概念的霍尔(J·Hall,)就认为沉积盆地是在沉积物负载的重力作用下生成的。最近十几年来,虽然随着板块理论的发展给沉积盆地成因的研究增添了许多新认识[1],但由沉积物和水体负载导致的均衡作用还始终被认为是沉积盆地生成的原因之一。因为这一因素不易被人们所觉察,所以在具体考察某一沉积盆地的成因时便往往被忽视,或被置于可有可无的地位。

Abstract:

The earth’s isostasy,of which the final outcome will be the earth itselfbecoming an ideal spheroid with concentric sphere structure and uniform den-sity in each sphere or layer,is a unified movement of the earth as a wholeand its interior spherical layers.The asthenosphere is the outermost sphereof the earth,in which the material can flow.Therefore,isostasy in the up-per part of the earth mainly occurs between the lithosphere and the astheno-sphere.This means that the top surface of the asthenos phere can be consi-dered as a surface of isostatic adjustment.Apart from isostasy,there arestill other movements which may disturb and destroy the isostasy,such asmantle diapirs and compression or tension of the lithosphere.Sedimentary ba-sins form and develop through new isostatic adjustment under the conditionthat the isostatic state somewhere in the upper part of the earth has beendestroyed.According to the initial cause of inducing subsidence of the basin and towhat extend the isostasy has occurred in the course of basin development,the author divides basins into three categories:the first,caused by sedi-ment-loading,is named sediment-induced basin;the second,by structure,is named structure-induced basin;and the third,not only caused but alsocontrolled its development by structure,is named stucture-controlled basin.Under the last has case,the isostasy is insignificant.Moreover,the writerhas discussed the mechanisms of their formation respectively.Finally,on the basis of the features of the basin development,the authorproposes and discusses the problem of the maturity of basins.