石油与天然气地质 ›› 2011, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 606-614.doi: 10.11743/ogg20110415

• 石油与天然气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

全球前陆盆地层序沉积学新进展

  

  • 出版日期:2011-08-28 发布日期:2011-09-26

New advances in sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of foreland basin

  • Online:2011-08-28 Published:2011-09-26

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1499

被引次数

25

摘要：

摘要：从前陆盆地的油气勘探应用角度总结了沉积学与层序地层学研究的新进展，展示了全球前陆盆地的石油地质新理论和油气勘探远景。首先论述了全球前陆盆地冲断带的分布特征及其动力学机制，前陆盆地沉积水系的发育特点。其次探讨了前陆盆地裂缝性储集层的作用及其Zagros盆地的实例，构造作用同期的沉积楔状体及其西班牙Ebro盆地实例，欧洲Spitsbergen前陆盆地的体系域和沉积砂体，南美Andes前陆盆地的南北差异及其含油气系统。最后指出南美和中东前陆盆地对我国中西部油气勘探有重要指导意义，西加拿大前陆盆地的实例对我国非常规资源的勘探评价有参考价值。中国的非常规油气资源非常丰富，有重油、致密砂岩油、致密砂岩气、页岩气、煤层气和可燃冰等。前陆盆地前渊带深水湖盆沉积相带是重要的致密砂岩油和致密砂岩气发育区，前陆造山带和前缘隆起带是重油和油砂资源的发育带，以物性边界和岩性边界的煤层气发育区常常与煤层尖灭带有关，页岩气的勘探要重视其烃源岩即富有机质黑色页岩和炭质页岩的沉积环境分析。以鄂尔多斯前陆盆地为例，盆山耦合关系、层序地层研究、湖盆底形恢复和沉积砂体成因模式的研究成果可以提供石油地质勘探的新认识。加强前陆盆地沉积学和层序地层学的深化研究必将促进我国油气资源勘探特别是非常规油气资源勘探的新突破。

关键词: 关键词：沉积学, 层序地层学, 体系域, 油气勘探, 全球前陆盆地, 非常规油气资源

Abstract:

Abstract: This article summarized some advances in petroleum sequence stratigraphy and sedimentology from an angle of oil/gas exploration in foreland basins. It introduced new theories of petroleum geology and expounded on prospects of oil/gas exploration in the foreland basins all over the world. It elaborated on the distribution of global foreland basins and fault belts and their dynamic mechanism, as well as features of drainage system development in foreland basins. It also discussed the functions of fractured reservoirs (taking the Zagros basin as an example), syntectonic depositional wedge (taking the Ebro basin in Spain as an example), system tracts and sedimentary sandbodies (taking Spitsbergen foreland basin in Europe as an example), and petroleum systems (taking the Andes foreland basin in South America as an example). Finally, it pointed out that cases from South America and Middleeast foreland basins have important significance in guiding oil and gas exploration in central and western China, while the case from western Canadian foreland basin can be used as reference for assessment of unconventional resources in China. China is abundant in unconventional oil and gas resources, such as heavy oil, tight sandstone oil and gas, shale gas, coalbed methane, nature gas hydrate and etc. Tight oil and gas are mostly distributed in sedimentary facies belts of deep water lacustrine foredeeps in some foreland basins. Heavy oil and oil sands are distributed in orogenic belts and frontal uplift of certain foreland basins. Coal-bed methane is related to pinch out belts of coalbeds with a physical and/or lithological boundary. Shale gas exploration in China shall focus on sedimentary environmental analysis of source rocks, such as black shale with rich organic matter and carbonated shale. A case from Erdos Basin shows that basin and mountain coupling systems, sequence stratigraphy, basin floor topography restoration and sedimentary model of sandbodies may help us to better understand petroleum geology. It is suggested that attention shall be paid to the study of sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of foreland basins so as to achieve breakthrough in oil and gas (especially unconventional resources) exploration in China.

Key words:  , Key words： sedimentology, sequence stratigraphy, system tract, oil and gas exploration, global foreland basin, unconventional oil and gas resource