石油与天然气地质 ›› 2017, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 973-982.doi: 10.11743/ogg20170516

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

尼日尔三角洲E背斜顶部断裂演化机制及封闭性

谢昭涵1,2,3, 孙永河1,2,3, 闫玉民4, 胡光义5, 范廷恩5, 刘宗堡1,2,3   

  1. 1. 东北石油大学CNPC断裂控藏研究室, 黑龙江 大庆 163318;
    2. 黑龙江省科技创新团队“断裂变形、封闭性及流体运移”, 黑龙江 大庆, 163318;
    3. 东北石油大学 非常规油气成藏与开发省部共建国家重点实验室培育基地, 黑龙江 大庆 163318;
    4. 中国石油 华北油田公司 勘探开发研究院, 河北 任丘 062552;
    5. 中海油研究总院, 北京 100028
  • 收稿日期:2017-01-18 修回日期:2017-08-10 出版日期:2017-10-28 发布日期:2017-11-10
  • 作者简介:谢昭涵(1988-),男,博士研究生,构造地质。E-mail:569430279@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目（41572127，41502136）；中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技项目（2016D-0702）。

Structural evolution mechanism and sealing of faults on the crest of anticline E in Niger Delta

Xie Zhaohan1,2,3, Sun Yonghe1,2,3, Yan Yumin4, Hu Guangyi5, Fan Tingen5, Liu Zongbao1,2,3   

  1. 1. Laboratory of CNPC Fault-controlling Reservoirs, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China;
    2. Heilongjiang Science and Technology Innovation Team on “Fault Deformation, Sealing and Fluid Migration”, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China;
    3. State Key Laboratory Base of Unconventional Oil and Gas Accumulation and Exploitation, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163318, China;
    4. Research and Development Institute, PetroChina Hubei Oilfield, Renqiu, Heibei 062552, China;
    5. CNOOC Research Institute, Beijing 100028, China
  • Received:2017-01-18 Revised:2017-08-10 Online:2017-10-28 Published:2017-11-10

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摘要： 尼日尔三角洲深水区E油田背斜顶部发育大量密集断层，多数断层倾向一致呈多米诺式排布，活动机制和期次不清楚，对油水的分隔作用不明确。基于构造解析思想，通过构造平衡剖面和古构造图回剥技术研究E背斜的轴面迁移过程，结合断裂成核理论明确断裂活动期次和机制，进而划分断裂系统，指导断裂的封闭性评价。提出深水背斜顶部正断层重力滑动的演化机制，确定多米诺式正断层与背斜轴面迁移的多期次对应关系。E构造共分为4个演化阶段，发育7类断裂系统，其中三个期次的重力滑动断阶（阶梯式）断层为本区独有的特殊构造，在古背斜背景下受控于重力作用变形。逆冲断层和多期活动断层的封闭趋势强，重力滑动断阶断层具有潜在封闭性，而晚期伸展断层不具有封闭能力，筛选出16条潜在封闭断层。确定本区断层弱封闭SGR临界值为8%，完全封闭临界值为20%，评价结果显示：其中8条断层完全封闭，能够将断层两盘分隔为不同油水单元，4条断层具有弱封闭能力，不分隔油水，仅影响注水受效，从而指导油田的钻井和注采方案设计。

关键词: 断裂演化, 断层封闭性, 油水分布, 深水背斜, 尼日尔三角洲

Abstract: Numerous faults were developed on the crest of anticline E in deep water of Niger Delta.They were observed to dip mostly in the same direction and arrange in a domino style.Uncertainties remain in such domains as what their me-chanism is,how many stages they had experienced,and what role they played in dividing oil from water.Based on structural analysis,we studed the axial plane migration of E anticline through structural balanced sections and back-stripping of pa-leotectonic maps.Guided by the theory of fracture nucleation,we identified the active stages and mechanisms of the faults and then categorized the faulting systems to further perform assessment of sealing capacity of the faults.Gravitational sli-ding was identified as the evolution mechanism of the normal faults at the crest of the anticline.A correspondence of multiple stages between the domino-style normal faults and the anticline axial plane migration was also established.We proposed that the E structure had experienced four evolution stages and developed 7 types of faulting systems,among which,3 were gravitational sliding step-faults -quite unique in the area-and were controlled and deformed by gravity against a paleo-anticline setting.Thrust faults and faults with multi-stage movement are the best sealing faults,gravitational sliding step-faults have sealing potential,and later extensional faults have no sealing capacity.About 16 faults were selected as potential sealing faults.The results show a critical SGR value of 8% for weak sealing,and 20% for fully sealing.There were 8 fully-sealed faults that could form different oil/water units in its hanging and foot walls,respectively.There were 4 weakly-sealed faults that could not separate oil from water but only influence responses to water flooding.The study can be used to guide drilling and injection-production planning of oil fields in the area.

Key words: fault evolution, fault sealing capacity, oil and water distribution, deep water anticline, Niger Delta

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