下刚果盆地盐构造变形特征及其形成机理

doi:10.11743/ogg20200519

石油与天然气地质 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (5): 1092-1099.doi: 10.11743/ogg20200519

下刚果盆地盐构造变形特征及其形成机理

史帅雨^1,²(), 余一欣^1,^2,*(), 殷进垠³, 邬长武³, 刘静静³, 刘延莉³, 王波⁴

1. 中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室, 北京 102249
2. 中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院, 北京 102249
3. 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
4. 中海油能源发展股份有限公司工程技术分公司中海油实验中心, 天津 300452

收稿日期:2020-02-17 出版日期:2020-10-28 发布日期:2020-10-22
通讯作者: 余一欣 E-mail:shishuaiyu94@163.com;yuxin0707@163.com
作者简介:史帅雨(1994-),男,硕士研究生,地质学。E-mail:shishuaiyu94@163.com
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05033-001);国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05026-007-006);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0603105)

Deformation characteristics and formation mechanisms of salt structures in the Lower Congo Basin

Shuaiyu Shi^1,²(), Yixin Yu^1,^2,*(), Jinyin Yin³, Changwu Wu³, Jingjing Liu³, Yanli Liu³, Bo Wang⁴

1. State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
2. College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
3. Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
4. Experimental Center of Engineering Technology Branch, CNOOC Energy Development Co., Ltd., Tianjin 300452, China

Received:2020-02-17 Online:2020-10-28 Published:2020-10-22
Contact: Yixin Yu E-mail:shishuaiyu94@163.com;yuxin0707@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

下刚果盆地阿普特阶厚层盐岩在被动大陆边缘背景下形成了多种类型的盐构造，并对油气聚集成藏产生了重要影响。论文基于地震剖面解释成果，利用平衡复原剖面和物理模拟实验技术，分析典型盐构造变形特征及其形成演化过程，探讨影响盐构造发育的主要因素。结果表明，下刚果盆地具有明显的构造变形分带特征，其中后缘伸展带主要发育盐滚、盐筏和铲式正断层，中部过渡带以不同形态的盐底辟为主，前缘挤压带主要发育盐蓬、逆冲断层和厚层盐岩。盐构造形成演化主要经历了阿尔比期—晚白垩世初始活动期、晚渐新世—上新世末强烈活动期、上新世末—现今微弱活动期3个阶段。重力滑动作用和上覆层差异负载作用是导致下刚果盆地盐构造发生塑性流动变形的主要因素，而基底倾斜程度也对盐构造变形产生了重要影响。

关键词: 平衡剖面, 物理模拟实验, 重力滑动作用, 差异负载作用, 构造变形, 盐构造, 下刚果盆地

Abstract:

The salt structures of various types formed in the massive Aptian saline rocks of the Lower Congo Basin against a passive continental margin setting are among one of the main factors that affect the accumulation of oil and gas in the basin.Based on seismic section interpretations of the Lower Congo Basin, this study analyzes the deformation characteristics and evolution processes of the typical salt structures, and discusses the factors affecting their development through cross-section balancing and restoration and physical modeling.The results show that the Lower Congo Basin is characterized by zonation under obvious structural deformation, with salt rollers, salt rafts, listric normal faults, and shovel-shaped faults developed in the back extensional zone, different forms of salt diapirs in the central transition zone, and salt canopies, thrust faults and thick-bedded salt rocks in the front compression zone of the basin.The salt structures have undergone three evolutionary stages, namely the initial active stage during the Albian-Late Cretaceous, the strong active stage during the Late Oligocene-Late Pliocene, and the weak active stage during the Late Pleistocene to the present.Gravity sliding and differential loading of overlying strata were the main controlling factors that led to plastic flow of the salt structures.The basement tilting was also involved in the deformation of the salt structures.

Key words: salt structure, balanced section, physical modeling, gravity sliding, differential loading, Lower Congo Basin,

中图分类号:

TE121.2

史帅雨,余一欣,殷进垠,等. 下刚果盆地盐构造变形特征及其形成机理[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 1092-1099. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200519 Shuaiyu Shi,Yixin Yu,Jinyin Yin,et al. Deformation characteristics and formation mechanisms of salt structures in the Lower Congo Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(5): 1092-1099. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200519

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物理参数	原型值	模型值	相似系数
重力加速度g/(m·s^-2)	9.8	9.8	1
长度l/m	1 000	0.01	1×10^-5
石英砂密度ρ_b/(kg·m^-3)	2 700	1 500	0.55
硅胶密度ρ_d/(kg·m^-3)	2 200	987	0.45
粘度η/(Pa·s)	1×10¹⁷	5×10⁴	5×10^-13
应力σ/Pa	ρ_Ng_Nl_N	ρ_Mg_Ml_M	5×10^-6
时间t/s	t_N=t_M(ρ_Mg_Ml_M/ ρ_Ng_Nl_N)(η_N/η_M)	t_M	1×10^-8

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下刚果盆地盐构造变形特征及其形成机理

Deformation characteristics and formation mechanisms of salt structures in the Lower Congo Basin

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