构造变形作用下页岩孔裂隙结构演化特征及其模式——以四川盆地及其周缘下古生界海相页岩为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20210116

石油与天然气地质 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 186-200, 240.doi: 10.11743/ogg20210116

构造变形作用下页岩孔裂隙结构演化特征及其模式——以四川盆地及其周缘下古生界海相页岩为例

朱洪建^1,^2,³(), 琚宜文^1,², 孙岩^4,⁵, 黄骋^1,², 冯宏业^1,², AliRaza^1,², 余坤^1,², 乔鹏^1,², 肖蕾^1,²

1. 中国科学院计算地球动力学重点实验室, 北京 100049
2. 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院, 北京 100049
3. 燕山大学车辆与能源学院, 河北秦皇岛 066000
4. 南京大学内生金属矿床成矿机制研究国家重点实验室, 江苏南京 210093
5. 南京大学地球科学与工程学院, 江苏南京 210093

收稿日期:2020-09-09 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2021-02-07
第一作者简介:朱洪建(1991-), 男, 博士、讲师, 非常规油气地质。E-mail: zhj8641@163.com
基金项目:
国家自然科学基金项目(41530315);国家自然科学基金项目(41872160);国家自然科学基金项目(41372213);国家自然科学基金项目(41672201);国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05066);国家科技重大专项(2017ZX05064);中国科学院战略先导性科技专项(XDA05030100);四川省科技支撑计划项目(2016JZ0037)

Evolution characteristics and models of shale pores and fractures under tectonic deformation: A case study of the Lower Paleozoic marine shale in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery

Hongjian Zhu^1,^2,³(), Yiwen Ju^1,², Yan Sun^4,⁵, Cheng Huang^1,², Hongye Feng^1,², Raza Ali^1,², Kun Yu^1,², Peng Qiao^1,², Lei Xiao^1,²

1. Key Laboratory of Computational Geodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
2. College of Earth and Planetary Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3. School of Vehicle and Energy, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, Hebei 066000, China
4. State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China
5. School of Earth Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210093, China

Received:2020-09-09 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2021-02-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

构造应力能够使页岩发生变形或破坏，从而不同程度地影响页岩的宏微观结构。采用川东南下志留统龙马溪组和川东北下寒武统鲁家坪组海相页岩样品，运用聚焦离子束扫描电镜（FIB-SEM）、气体吸附和压汞法等手段，分析了构造类型和变形机制对页岩孔裂隙结构的改造和控制作用。结果表明：单斜岩层页岩中以有机质孔隙结构为主，而褶皱或断层等强烈构造部位页岩矿物粒间孔、溶蚀孔和裂隙结构占主导；相对于单斜岩层页岩，褶皱部位页岩的微孔略占优势，而断层部位页岩的大孔占绝对优势；不同构造类型页岩孔裂隙结构特征的差异与局部构造应力分布的不均一性相关；脆性变形页岩以发育微米级孔隙和裂隙结构为主，有利于页岩气的运移和聚集；韧性变形页岩以发育纳米级孔隙结构为主，有利于页岩气的吸附和赋存；总孔体积随脆性变形作用的增强而增加，随韧性变形作用的增强而减少；孔隙总比表面积与脆性变形作用的相关性不明显，而随韧性变形作用的增强而增加。在此基础上，探讨了构造变形过程中页岩孔裂隙结构的控制因素和演化模式，认为构造应力对页岩孔裂隙结构的影响首先体现在对页岩组分的改造，进而控制孔裂隙结构的演化，最终制约着页岩气的微观赋存和运移。

关键词: 孔裂隙结构, 构造变形, 演化模式, 海相页岩, 页岩气, 下古生界, 四川盆地

Abstract:

Tectonic stress may deform or damage the shale rocks, thus affecting their macro or micro structures to varying degrees.The marine shale samples from the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation and the Lower Cambrian Lujiaping Formation respectively in the southeast and northeast parts of the Sichuan Basin, were studied through focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM), gas adsorption, and mercury intrusion, to evaluate the effect of structural type and deformation mechanisms on the reconstruction of shale pore and fracture structures.Results indicate that shale in monoclines contains mostly organic matter pores, while shale in folds or faults resulted from strong tectonic activities contains largely mineral interparticle pores, dissolution pores and fractures.Comparatively, fold-related shale has more micro pores and fault-related shale has more macro pores than monoclinic shale.The pore difference in shale of different structural parts can be attributed to an uneven distribution of local structural stress.Brittle shale contains mainly micrometer-sized pores and fractures, which are conducive to gas migration and accumulation; while ductile shale is dominated by nanometer-sized pores, which are conducive to gas adsorption and occurrence.The total pore volume of the shale increases with brittle deformation and decreases with ductile deformation.The total specific surface area of the pores is loosely connected with brittle deformation, but has a positive relationship with ductile deformation.Based on these results, the paper discusses the controlling factors and evolution models of micro-nano shale pores and fractures under structural deformation, and concludes that the structural stress on shale results in the modification of shale compositions, the evolution of pores and fractures in shale, and the storage and migration of shale gas.

Key words: pore and fracture structure, tectonic deformation, evolutionary model, marine shale, shale gas, Lower Paleozoic, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

朱洪建,琚宜文,孙岩,等. 构造变形作用下页岩孔裂隙结构演化特征及其模式——以四川盆地及其周缘下古生界海相页岩为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(1): 186-200, 240. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210116 Hongjian Zhu,Yiwen Ju,Yan Sun,et al. Evolution characteristics and models of shale pores and fractures under tectonic deformation: A case study of the Lower Paleozoic marine shale in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(1): 186-200, 240. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210116

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样品类型	样品编号	孔隙体积/(mL·g^-1)				孔隙比表面积/(m²·g^-1)
		占比/%				占比/%
		微孔	中孔	大孔	总和	微孔	中孔	总和
脆性变形序列	B1	0.004 3	0.008 0	0.023 0	0.035 3	13.554 0	0.975 0	14.529 0
	B1	12	23	65	0.035 3	93.3	6.7	14.529 0
	B2	0.006 1	0.005 8	0.018 0	0.029 9	19.107 0	1.023 0	20.130 0
	B2	20	19	61	0.029 9	95.0	5.0	20.130 0
	B3	0.003 7	0.004 6	0.023 0	0.031 3	10.664 0	0.670 0	11.334 0
	B3	12	15	73	0.031 3	94.1	5.9	11.334 0
	B4	0.000 5	0.000 6	0.044 0	0.045 1	14.332 0	0.067 0	14.399 0
	B4	1	1	98	0.045 1	99.5	0.5	14.399 0
	B5	0.003 4	0.000 5	0.040 0	0.043 9	11.323 0	0.051 0	11.374 0
	B5	8	1	91	0.043 9	99.6	0.4	11.374 0
韧性变形序列	D1	0.004 4	0.001 5	0.075 0	0.080 9	16.253 0	0.167 0	16.420 0
	D1	5	2	93	0.080 9	99.0	1.0	16.420 0
	D2	0.005 1	0.002 1	0.044 0	0.051 2	14.933 0	0.224 0	15.157 0
	D2	10	4	86	0.051 2	98.5	1.5	15.157 0
	D3	0.006 9	0.001 7	0.007 0	0.015 6	22.816 0	0.185 0	23.001 0
	D3	44	11	45	0.015 6	99.2	0.8	23.001 0
	D4	0.006 4	0.001 2	0.043 0	0.050 6	21.393 0	0.133 0	21.526 0
	D4	13	2	85	0.050 6	99.4	0.6	21.526 0
	D5	0.007 2	0.001 3	0.031 0	0.039 5	25.078 0	0.146 0	25.224 0
	D5	18	3	79	0.039 5	99.4	0.6	25.224 0

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构造变形作用下页岩孔裂隙结构演化特征及其模式——以四川盆地及其周缘下古生界海相页岩为例

Evolution characteristics and models of shale pores and fractures under tectonic deformation: A case study of the Lower Paleozoic marine shale in the Sichuan Basin and its periphery

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