多极子声波测井的裂缝识别与评价

doi:10.11743/ogg20200614

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

多极子声波测井在油田应用广泛，对地层裂缝进行评估和分析是其一个重要应用。简要介绍了多极子声波测井在裂缝识别中的国内外研究现状，并简述了多种现有的利用多极子声波测井资料评价裂缝的新方法。以鄂尔多斯盆地X井区实际的多极子声波测井资料处理为例，利用纵横波时差比判断裂缝倾角、井孔模式波声衰减判断裂缝倾角和有效性、斯通利波反射系数确定裂缝位置。利用横波时差各向异性和快慢横波频谱差异估计裂缝发育程度、快横波面方位确定裂缝走向。结合实际电成像测井资料进行了进一步的对比和验证，并对上述方法在裂缝评价中的作用与干扰因素进行了归纳总结。综合应用多种方法进行裂缝识别，可以获取更多的裂缝参数，克服单一方法的部分多解性，从而使基于多极子声波资料的裂缝评价更加准确合理。

关键词: 声衰减, 斯通利波反射系数, 纵横波时差比, 各向异性, 多极子声波测井, 裂缝评价

Abstract:

Multi-pole acoustic logging is widely used in oilfields, especially for stratigraphic fracture assessment and analysis.The study briefly introduces the research status-quo of multi-pole acoustic logging in fracture identification both at home and abroad, and briefs on the currently new methods to evaluate fractures with multi-pole acoustic waveform data.Taking the field multi-pole acoustic waveform data of the drilling sector X in the Ordos Basin as a case study, we determine the fracture dip angle by compressional to shear slowness ratio, and the fracture dip angle and its validity by mode wave attenuation in boreholes.Furthermore, the Stoneley wave reflection coefficient is used to characterize the fracture locations.The intensity of fracture development is estimated by the shear wave slowness anisotropy and difference between the fast and slow shear wave spectrums.The fracture strike is assessed by the fast shear azimuth.In addition, the field electrical imaging log data are applied to compare and verify those fracture measurement methods.The advantages for and interference factors to these methods are also summarized.In all, an integration of multiple methods can certainly facilitate us to obtain more fracture parameters, avoiding some multi-solution problems of a single method, and thus enhancing the accuracy and reliability of fracture assessment based on multi-pole acoustic waveform data.

Key words: acoustic wave attenuation, Stoneley wave reflection coefficient, compressional to shear slowness ratio, anisotropy, multi-pole acoustic logging, fracture assessment

中图分类号:

TE122.2

车小花,赵腾,乔文孝,等. 多极子声波测井的裂缝识别与评价[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(6): 1263-1272. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200614 Xiaohua Che,Teng Zhao,Wenxiao Qiao,et al. Fracture identification and evaluation based on multi-pole acoustic logging[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(6): 1263-1272. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200614

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裂缝评价方法	纵横波时差比	井孔模式波声衰减	斯通利波反射系数	地层各向异性
裂缝评价方法	纵横波时差比	井孔模式波声衰减	斯通利波反射系数	横波时差各向异性和快横波面方位	快慢横波频谱差异
裂缝发育程度(裂缝数量和开裂程度)	√	√	√	√	√
裂缝倾角	√	√	×	×	×
裂缝走向	×	×	×	√	×
裂缝有效性(裂缝渗透性)	×	√	√	√	×
干扰因素	岩性、井径、储层含气性等	岩性、井径、储层含气性等	井眼突变及声阻抗差异明显的地层界面、交错层理等地质现象	不均衡的地层应力、与井眼相交的沉积层理、正交共轭型裂缝、充填型裂缝、井径等	不均衡的地层应力、与井眼相交的沉积层理、正交共轭型裂缝、充填型裂缝、井径等

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