特提斯域板块构造约束下上扬子地区二叠系龙潭组页岩气的差异性赋存

doi:10.11743/ogg20210101

石油与天然气地质 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (1): 1-15.doi: 10.11743/ogg20210101

特提斯域板块构造约束下上扬子地区二叠系龙潭组页岩气的差异性赋存

何治亮^1,^2,³(), 聂海宽^1,^2,⁴, 李双建⁴, 刘光祥⁴, 丁江辉⁴, 边瑞康⁴, 卢志远⁵

1. 页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室, 北京 100083
2. 中国石油化工集团公司页岩油气勘探开发重点实验室, 北京 100083
3. 中国石油化工股份有限公司科技部, 北京 100728
4. 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
5. 中国地质大学(北京)能源学院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2020-12-01 出版日期:2021-02-28 发布日期:2021-02-07
作者简介:何治亮(1963-), 男, 博士、教授级高级工程师, 石油与天然气地质。E-mail: hezhiliang@sinopec.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(91755211);国家自然科学基金项目(41872124);国家自然科学基金项目(U19B6003)

Differential occurence of shale gas in the Permian Longtan Formation of Upper Yangtze region constrained by plate tectonics in the Tethyan domain

Zhiliang He^1,^2,³(), Haikuan Nie^1,^2,⁴, Shuangjian Li⁴, Guangxiang Liu⁴, Jianghui Ding⁴, Ruikang Bian⁴, Zhiyuan Lu⁵

1. State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 100083, China
2. Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Exploration & Production, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
3. Department of Science and Technology, China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, Beijing 100728, China
4. Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
5. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Received:2020-12-01 Online:2021-02-28 Published:2021-02-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

全球页岩气勘探开发在海相页岩中取得了巨大成功，在海-陆过渡相和陆相页岩中也进行了积极探索，但尚未形成商业开发局面。在分析华南地区二叠纪板块构造对原型盆地和富有机质页岩形成分布控制的基础上，研究了龙潭组岩相、地化、矿物组合、储层特征，通过与具有相似沉积背景且已进行商业开发的国内外典型页岩层系的对比，明确了龙潭组海-陆过渡相-海相页岩气赋存特征及资源前景。研究认为：①受秦岭洋和金沙江洋俯冲消减的拖拽作用和“峨眉地裂运动”等构造事件的影响，扬子台地内部和边缘分别发育了一系列的裂陷盆地，发生了强烈的构造-沉积分异作用，形成了一套陆相-海-陆过渡相-海相的沉积体系。②四川盆地龙潭组富有机质层段可以划分为泥页岩夹灰岩型、砂泥灰互层型、泥页岩夹煤层型3种类型，分别形成于深水陆棚、浅水陆棚、潮坪-潟湖环境。③川东北地区二叠系龙潭组页岩沉积时古水深大，沉积水体滞留严重，封闭性和还原性增强，是有机质富集的理想场所。该区不仅具有下三叠统膏盐岩优质区域盖层，而且具备良好的顶板（长兴组灰岩）和底板（茅口组灰岩）条件，保存条件总体较好。④川东北地区龙潭组泥页岩具有“高有机碳含量（TOC>2%）、高热演化程度（R_o>2%）、高孔隙度（Φ>5%）、高石英含量（>40%）、高含气量（解吸气含量>3 m³/t）、高压力系数（~1.5）”六高特征，具有良好的页岩气赋存条件和资源潜力。⑤四川盆地二叠系龙潭组与五峰组-龙马溪组、Barnett、Ohio、Antrim、New Albany等国内外典型海相页岩类似，具备形成规模性页岩气赋存的良好地质条件，有望在埋深相对较浅、硅质页岩厚度较大的川东北-川东地区率先获得战略性突破。

关键词: 赋存条件, 海-陆过渡相, 海相, 板块构造, 页岩气, 龙潭组, 二叠纪, 四川盆地

Abstract:

Great success has been achieved in marine shale gas exploration and development worldwide.Exploration in marine-terrestrial transitional and terrestrial shales has also been active in China but a large scale commercial development is yet to come.Based on the analysis of the controlling effect of the Permian plate tectonics on the formation and distribution of prototype basins and organic-rich shales in South China, we explored the petrographic, geochemical and mineral assemblages as well as reservoir characteristics of the Longtan Formation shale in the Sichuan Basin.In comparison to typical shale formations of similar sedimentary settings that are under commercial development elsewhere, we clarified the occurrence features and resource prospect of marine shale gas in the formation.The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Under the influence of the subduction of the Qinling and Jinshajiang (ocean) blocks and other tectonic events such as the Emei taphrogeny, multiple rift basins were developed in both the center and edge of the Yangtze platform and a set of continental-transitional-marine sedimentary system was also deposited by the subsequent intensive tectonic-sedimentary differentiation.(2) The organic-rich Longtan Formation in the Sichuan Basin can be lithologically categorized into three types: the mud-shale intercalated with limestone intervals of deep-water shelf facies, sandstone-mudstone-limestone interbeds of shallow-water shelf facies and mud-shale intercalated with coal beds of tide flat-lagoon facies.(3) The Longtan Formation in northeastern Sichuan Basin that was deep in stagnant water with good sealing and reducing properties during the Permian provided an ideal place for organic matter enrichment.In terms of preservation, the formation was not only confined by the regional Lower Triassic gypsolyte cap rocks, but also perfectly clamped between the Changxing Formation limestone (on top) and the Maokou Formation limestone (at the bottom).(4) The high organic carbon content (TOC>2%), thermal evolution maturity (R_o>2%), porosity (Φ>5%), quartz content (>40%), gas content (desorption gas content>3 m³/t), and high pressure coefficient (about 1.5) of the formation indicate favorable conditions for shale gas generation.(5) The Longtan Formation, similar to such typical marine shales as the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in the same basin, or as the Barnett, Ohio, Antrim and New Albany shales in the U.S., is geographically favorable to the generation of large-scale shale gas deposits.It is expected to take the lead in making strategic shale gas exploration breakthroughs, especially in the northeastern and eastern parts of the basin where the burial depth is relatively shallow and the siliceous shale is relatively thick.

Key words: occurrence condition, transitional facies, marine facies, plate tectonics, shale gas, Longtan Formation, Permian, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.2

何治亮,聂海宽,李双建,等. 特提斯域板块构造约束下上扬子地区二叠系龙潭组页岩气的差异性赋存[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(1): 1-15. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210101 Zhiliang He,Haikuan Nie,Shuangjian Li,et al. Differential occurence of shale gas in the Permian Longtan Formation of Upper Yangtze region constrained by plate tectonics in the Tethyan domain[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(1): 1-15. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210101

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孔隙类型		成因机制	常见分布特征
有机孔		有机质生烃膨胀	常呈凹坑状或片麻状分布于热演化程度较高的有机质中
无机孔	粘土矿物孔	矿物成岩转化	多见于层状或薄片状粘土矿物颗粒层间和层内
	黄铁矿晶间孔	晶体生长过程中不紧密堆积	见于黄铁矿颗粒接触处
	粒间孔	矿物颗粒堆积形成	多见于软硬颗粒接触处
微裂缝		粘土矿物转化过程中脱水收缩	常呈狭长条带状分布在有机质与(粘土)矿物接触处

参数	页岩层系
参数	Barnett	Ohio	Antrim	New Albany	Lewis	龙马溪组	龙潭组	龙潭组
盆地	Fort Worth	Appalachian	Michigan	Illinois	San Juan	四川盆地	川东南	川东北
时代	密西西比系	泥盆系	泥盆系	泥盆系	白垩系	奥陶系	二叠系	二叠系
沉积环境	海相	海相	海相	海相	过渡相	海相	过渡相	海相
埋深/m	1 981~2 591	610~1 524	183~730	183~1 494	914~1 829	1 500~4 500	1 500~3 500	5 000~6 000
有效厚度/m	30~183	15~60	21~37	15~30	61~91	84~102	20~50	30~50
TOC/%	2.0~7.0	0.5~4.7	1.0~20.0	1.0~25.0	0.45~2.5	1.06~6.89	0.57~18.37	0.6~9.5
R_o/%	1.1~2.2	0.4~1.3	0.4~0.6	0.4~1.0	1.6~1.9	1.6~3.6	2.0~2.2	2.7~3.5
有机质类型	Ⅱ	Ⅰ-Ⅱ	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ为主	Ⅰ-Ⅱ	Ⅲ为主	Ⅱ
孔隙度/%	4.0~5.0	4.7	9.0	10.0~14.0	3.0~5.5	1.2~8.6	5.5	0.5~11.8
石英含量%	35~50	—	20~41	—	10~60	24~44	平均为22	5~59
含气量/(m³·t^-1)	4.2~9.9	1.70~2.83	1.13~2.83	1.13~2.64	0.42~1.28	1.73~ 3.28	0.50~8.78	3.0~8.0
压力系数	0.99~1.02	0.35~0.92	0.81	0.99	0.46~0.58	1.55	—	1.5~2.0

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特提斯域板块构造约束下上扬子地区二叠系龙潭组页岩气的差异性赋存

Differential occurence of shale gas in the Permian Longtan Formation of Upper Yangtze region constrained by plate tectonics in the Tethyan domain

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