油藏动态监测技术:时延(四维)地震述评

doi:10.11743/ogg20040115

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

近年来,时延地震(又称四维地震)油藏动态监测技术发展迅速,已成为一种新的油藏管理工具,在许多油田,尤其是海上大油田已进行了多方面的应用,取得了良好效益。岩石物理研究的深化和相关技术的发展,促使时延地震的应用领域不断扩大、精度日益提高。目前,时延地震除监测采油变化和驱油效果及流体前缘、寻找死油区外,还用来监测断层封堵或渗漏性。其资料采集的关键是提高可重复性和信噪比。为了确保最终的地震差异是由储层中流体的变化所引起,资料处理中进一步发展和应用了互均化、归一化和面元重组等技术和新老数据同步处理原则。资料解释在直接解释、反演与属性分析基础上,发展了地震史匹配和动态油藏描述,并与其他学科和技术有机结合、综合分析,以减少解释的多解性。在降低项目投资风险与可行性分析方面,也有明显进展。在开展时延地震项目时,应充分考虑该技术的应用条件和局限性。随着研究的深入、技术的进步和应用实践的增多,时延地震将会显示出更加美好的应用前景。

关键词: 时延(四维)地震, 油藏监测, 可重复性, 岩石物理, 流体移动, 互均化处理, 差异图像

Abstract:

Time-lapse seismic (4D seismic) technology, a reservoir dynamic monitoring technology rapidly developed in recent years, has become a new tool for reservoir management,and has widely been applied in many oilfields,especially offshore oilfields. The application of this technology is continuously enlarging and the accuracy is continuously increasing with the deepening of study on petrophysical properties and the development of relevant technologies. Currently, time-lapse seismic technology is used to monitor changes of oil recovery, oil displacement efficiency and fluid front, to identify areas with bypassed oil, as well as to monitor sealing capacity or leakage of faults. The key to seismic acquisition is to improve repeatability and signal-to-noise ratio. New technologies,such as cross equalization, normalization and bin parameter recombination and the principle of synchronous processing of new and old data,are applied so as to ensure that the final seismic differences are the only results of fluid flow changes in reservoirs. Based on direct interpretation, reversion and property analysis, seismic history match and dynamic reservoir description are developed as seismic interpretation technologies and are used in combination with other subjects and technologies to reduce non-uniqueness of interpretation. Remarkable progresses have also been made in respect of lowering investment risk of projects and feasibility study. The application conditions and limitations of the technology should be considered when carrying out time-lapse seismic projects. With the deepening of research on time-lapse seismic techniques and enriching of experiences, time-lapse seismic reservoir monitoring will progress more rapidly and will more widely be applied.

Key words: time-lapse (4D) seismics, reservoir monitoring, repeatability, petrophysical properties, fluid flow, cross equalization, differential images

中图分类号:

P631.445.92

崔永谦,刘池洋,张以明. 油藏动态监测技术:时延(四维)地震述评[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2004, 25(1): 81-87. doi: 10.11743/ogg20040115 Cui Yongqian,Liu Chiyang,Zhang Yiming. Reservoir dynamic monitoring: a commentary on time-lapse (or 4-D) seismics[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2004, 25(1): 81-87. doi: 10.11743/ogg20040115

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