复杂水力裂缝网络延伸规律研究进展

doi:10.11743/ogg20140417

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着天然裂缝性储层、煤层气、页岩气、致密砂岩气、致密油和复杂岩性低渗透油气藏勘探开发进程的加快，大规模体积压裂实践及微地震裂缝实时监测技术对水力裂缝延伸模拟提出了巨大挑战。复杂网络裂缝延伸受储层岩性、岩石力学性质、地质力学和天然裂缝特征等影响，文中综述了天然裂缝对水力诱导裂缝延伸影响的国内外研究进展。水力诱导裂缝与天然裂缝相交前、相交时和相交后的复杂力学行为决定了水力诱导裂缝的复杂延伸规律：水力裂缝尖端逼近时，诱导应力场会导致胶结天然裂缝张性或剪性脱粘；相交时，天然裂缝可能出现剪切破裂导致压裂液大量滤失、或水力裂缝穿过天然裂缝沿原方向延伸、或转向沿天然裂缝延伸并在其端部或弱结构点起裂；相交后，可能出现多个裂缝尖端同时延伸的情况，形成复杂网络裂缝。真三轴压裂测试系统结合工业CT扫描、声发射装置、X-衍射等是研究复杂网络裂缝形成机理的主要试验手段；而非常规裂缝模型和扩展有限元方法（XFEM）是模拟复杂网络裂缝延伸的主要数值手段。XFEM是处理含裂纹等不连续问题的最有效方法，并具有有限元方法的所有优点，考虑到裂缝内流体压力是水力裂缝延伸的驱动力，故基于XFEM的渗流-应力-裂缝延伸全耦合研究是未来体积压裂复杂网络裂缝延伸模拟的重要发展方向。

关键词: 延伸规律, 相交作用准则, 渗流-应力-裂缝延伸耦合, 扩展有限单元法, 网络裂缝, 天然裂缝

Abstract:

With the accelerated process of the exploration and exploitation of natural fractured reservoir,coal bed me-thane,shale gas,tight gas,tight oil and complex lithology reservoir with low and/or ultra-low permeability,simulation of hydraulic fracture propagation is faced with big challenges from volume fracturing and real-time microseismic monitoring of hydraulic fracture.The propagation behaviors of complex fracture network are affected by reservoir lithology,geomechanics and natural fracture characteristics,etc.Research on the influences of natural fractures on the propagation of hydraulic fractures both at home and abroad was reviewed in this paper.The mechanical behaviors before,during and after the intersection of hydraulic fracture with pre-existing natural fracture determine the propagation of hydraulic fractures and the creation of fracture network.Before their intersection,tensile or shear debonding of cemented pre-existing natural fractures may start when induced fractures tip approaching.During their intersection,the natural fractures might be sheared to cause abundant fracturing fluid filtration,while the hydraulic fractures might penetrate natural fractures and propagate along the original path,or be arrested to propagate along the direction of natural fractures and re-initiate at its terminal or weak structure point.After their intersection,a complex fracture network may be formed with the simultaneous propagation of multiple fracture tips.True triaxial fracturing test system,combined with industrial computed tomography(CT)scan,acoustic emission device and X-ray diffraction,is the principal laboratorial means of studying the generation mechanism of complicated fracture network,while unconventional fracture model and extended finite element method(XFEM)are the main numerical methods for simulation of complex fracture network.XFEM is the most effective approach to deal with discontinuous analysis especially crack propagation problem,and has all the advantages of the finite element methods.As fracture fluid pressure is the driving force for hydraulic fracture propagation,XFEM-based seepage flow-stress-fracture propagation coupling is the future trend of complex fracture network propagation simulation.

Key words: propagation pattern, intersection criterion, coupled seepage-stress-fracture propagation, extended finite element method, network fracture, natural fracture

中图分类号:

TE357

赵立强,刘飞,王佩珊,等. 复杂水力裂缝网络延伸规律研究进展[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2014, 35(4): 562-569. doi: 10.11743/ogg20140417 Zhao Liqiang,Liu Fei,Wang Peishan,et al. A review of creation and propagation of complex hydraulic fracture network[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35(4): 562-569. doi: 10.11743/ogg20140417

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