深层油气藏成因类型及其特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20210514

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深层油气勘探不断取得的重要发现，使其成为中国乃至全球油气资源的重要战略领域。但盆地深层高温、高压的环境，漫长的演化历史以及复杂的有机-无机相互作用导致人们对深层油气成藏机制尚不完全明了。按照油气藏的形成主因、演化历程以及成藏特征将深层油气藏划分为浅成深埋型、浅备深成型和深层成藏型油气藏等3种类型，并对它们的成因机制和主要成藏特征进行了梳理和表征；同时重点讨论了深层油气成源和成烃的难点问题，其中深层外源氢的参与、富钙烃源物质以及无机成因气等对高-过成熟有机质的成烃意义重大。对深层油气成藏机制的探讨将有助于推动中国深层油气勘探并夯实产业发展理论基础。

关键词: 多元生烃机制, 有机-无机相互作用, 外源氢, 高演化碳酸盐岩层系, 深层油气藏, 塔里木盆地, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

Significant oil and gas discoveries have been obtained in deep plays in succession, making the deep plays become an important strategic domain for oil and gas exploration both in China and around the world.However, we are not quite clear about its accumulation mechanism under the high-temperature and high-pressure environment, following long evolutionary history and complex organic-inorganic interactions.The deep plays could be divided into 3 types considering the major genesis, evolutionary history and accumulation characteristics, namely, plays of pre-deep-burial enrichment, plays of syn-deep-burial enrichment, and plays of post-deep-burial enrichment.Their genetic mechanism and main accumulation characteristics are sorted out and characterized.Meanwhile, the study focuses on the mysteries concerning source rocks and hydrocarbon generation of the deep plays; among others, the involvement of deep-sourced exogenous hydrogen, calcium-rich source materials and inorganic gas, is of great significance to hydrocarbon generation from high-to-over-mature organic matter.In all, discussion on the mechanism of deep hydrocarbon accumulation is sure to help lay a solid theoretical foundation to promote deep petroleum exploration and industrial development in China.

Key words: hydrocarbon generation mechanism, organic-inorganic interaction, exogenous hydrogen, carbonate sequence of high maturity, deep play, Tarim Basin, Ordos Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.3

张东东,刘文汇,王晓锋,等. 深层油气藏成因类型及其特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2021, 42(5): 1169-1180. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210514 Dongdong Zhang,Wenhui Liu,Xiaofeng Wang,et al. Genetic types and characteristics of deep oil and gas plays[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(5): 1169-1180. doi: 10.11743/ogg20210514

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