准噶尔盆地东部构造地层层序及盆地演化

doi:10.11743/ogg20180508

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 准噶尔盆地东部自石炭纪以来经历了多期构造运动，沉积中心发生了多次迁移，地层遭受多期剥蚀。为揭示地层和盆地演化的关系，在全盆覆盖的地震剖面解释的基础上，刻画了不整合面的分布范围，分析了不整合面形成时的构造动力学条件。结果表明，准噶尔盆地东部存在下石炭统顶部、中二叠统底部、白垩系底部、古近系底部和新近系底部5套区域性不整合面。这5套区域不整合面将准噶尔盆地东部石炭系—第四系划分为下石炭统构造层和上石炭统—下二叠统构造层、中二叠统—侏罗系构造层、白垩系构造层、古近系构造层和新近系—第四系构造层6大构造层。自晚石炭世到第四纪，准噶尔盆地东部一共经历了5个演化阶段。晚石炭世准噶尔盆地东部进入陆内构造变形旋回，陆相盆地的雏形形成于海西期，中生代—新生代又叠加了印支运动、燕山运动和喜马拉雅运动。克拉美丽山和博格达山的多期分段活动，盆内断层多次复活是多套构造层叠置和盆地多阶段演化的直接原因。

关键词: 不整合面, 构造层, 盆地演化, 叠合盆地, 石炭纪, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract: The east of Junggar Basin has undergone multi-stage tectonic movements since the Carboniferous.Its sedimentary center migrated several times and the strata suffered multiple stage erosion.In order to reveal the relationship between stratigraphy and basin evolution,we described the distribution of unconformity based on the interpretation of seismic profile covering the whole basin,and analyzed the tectonic dynamic conditions during unconformity formation.The results show that there are five regional unconformities in the eastern Junggar Basin.They are respectively located on top of the Lower Carboniferous,and at the bottom of the Middle Permian,the bottom of the Cretaceous,the bottom of the Paleogene and the bottom of the Neogene.Accordingly,the Carboniferous-Quaternary of the eastern Junggar Basin can be subdivided into six tectonic layers,namely the Lower Carboniferous,Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian,Middle Permian-Jurassic,Cretaceous,Paleogene,and Neogene-Quaternary structural layers.From the Late Carboniferous to the Quater-nary,the area experienced five evolutionary stages in total.In the Late Carboniferous,the intra-continental tectonic defor-mation cycles appeared in the area;in the Hercynian,the continental basin formed initially,and in the Mesozoic-Cenozoic, superimposition of the Indosinian,Yanshan and Himalayan movements occurred in a row.The multi-phased and multi-section activities of Kelameili Mountain and Bogda Mountain,and the repeated reactivation of faults within the basin directly led to the tectonic layer superimposition and multistage evolution of Junggar Basin.

Key words: unconformity, tectonic layer, basin evolution, superimposed basin, Carboniferous, Junggar Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.2

易泽军,何登发. 准噶尔盆地东部构造地层层序及盆地演化[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2018, 39(5): 932-942. doi: 10.11743/ogg20180508 Yi Zejun,He Dengfa. Tectono-stratigraphic sequence and basin evolution of the eastern Junggar Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018, 39(5): 932-942. doi: 10.11743/ogg20180508

参考文献

[1] 朱夏.多旋回构造运动与含油气盆地[J].地球学报,1984(2):197-210. Zhu Xia.The polycyclic tectonic theory and the evolution of petrolife-rous basins[J].Bulletin of The Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences,1984(2):197-210.
[2] 任纪舜,牛宝贵,刘志刚.软碰撞、叠覆造山和多旋回缝合作用[J].地学前缘,1999(3):85-93. Ren Jishun,Niu Baogui,Liu Zhigang.Soft collision,superposttion orogeny and polycyclic suturing[J].Earth Sciaice Frontiers,1999(3):85-93.
[3] 吴庆福,周德明.准噶尔盆地地质结构及找油新启示[J].新疆石油地质,1982(3):4-23. Wu Qingfu,Zhou Deming.Geological structure and new inspirations for oil search in Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1982(3):4-23.
[4] 赵白.准噶尔盆地的形成与演化[J].新疆石油地质,1992(3):192-196. Zhao Bai.Formation and evolution of Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,1992(3):192-196.
[5] 曲国胜,马宗晋,陈新发,等.论准噶尔盆地构造及其演化[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(1):1-5. Qu Guosheng,Ma Zongjin,Chen Xinfa.On structures and evolutions in Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2009,30(1):1-5.
[6] 陈发景,张光亚,陈昭年.不整合面分析及其在陆相盆地构造研究中的意义[J].现代地质,2004,18(3):269-275. Chen Fajing,Zhang Guangya,Chen Zhaonian.Unconformity analysis and its significance in the study of continental basin tectonics[J].Geoscience,2004,18(3):269-275.
[7] 张朝军,何登发,吴晓智,等.准噶尔多旋回叠合盆地的形成与演化[J].中国石油勘探,2006,11(1):47-58. Zhang Chaojun,He Dengfa,Wu Xiaozhi.Formation and evolution of multicycle superimposed basins in Junggar Basin[J].Petroleum Geology,2006,11(1):47-58.
[8] 许效松.中国西部大型盆地分析及地球动力学[M].北京:地质出版社,1997. Xu Xiaosong.Analysis of large basins in Western China and geodynamics[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.
[9] 韩晓黎,阿依古丽,吴景华,等.准噶尔盆地东部边缘区构造格架及构造样式[J].新疆石油地质,2001,22(3):202-205. Han Xiaoli,Ayiguli,Wu Jinghua,et al.Tectonic framework and stucu-tral patterns in peripheral Eastern Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2001,22(3):202-205.
[10] 吴孔友,查明,王绪龙,等.准噶尔盆地构造演化与动力学背景再认识[J].地球学报,2005,26(3):217-222. Wu Kongyou,Zha Ming,Wang Xulong.Further researches on the tectonic evolution and dynamic setting of the Junggar Basin[J].Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2005,26(3):217-222.
[11] 蔡忠贤,陈发景,贾振远.准噶尔盆地的类型和构造演化[J].地学前缘,2000,7(4):431-440. Cai Zhongxian,Chen Fajing,Jia Zhenyuan.Types and tectonic evolution of Junggar Basin[J].Earth Sciaice Frontiers,2000,7(4):431-440.
[12] 罗小龙,汤良杰,谢大庆,等.塔里木盆地雅克拉断凸中生界底界不整合及其油气勘探意义[J].石油与天然气地质,2012,33(1):30-36. Luo Xiaolong,Tang Liangjie,Xie Daqing.Mesozoic bottom boundary unconformity and its significance for hydrocarbon exploration in the Yakela faulted uplift,Tarim Basin[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2012,33(1):30-36.
[13] 何登发.塔里木盆地的地层不整合面与油气聚集[J].石油学报,1995,16(3):14-21. He Dengfa.Unconformities and oil and gas accumulation in Tarim Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1995,16(3):14-21.
[14] 何登发,贾承造,童晓光,等.叠合盆地概念辨析[J].石油勘探与开发,2004,31(1):1-7. He Dengfa,Jia Chengzao,Tong Xiaoguang,et al.Discussion and analysis of superimposed sedimentary basins[J].Petroleum Exploration and Development,2004,31(1):1-7.
[15] 何登发,陈新发,张义杰,等.准噶尔盆地油气富集规律[J].石油学报,2004,25(3):1-10. He Dengfa,Chen Xinfa,Zhang Yijie.Enrichment characteristics of oil and gas in Jungar Basin[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2004,25(3):1-10.
[16] 陈新,卢华复,舒良树,等.准噶尔盆地构造演化分析新进展[J].高校地质学报,2002,8(3),257-267. Chen Xin,Lu Huafu,Shu Liangshu,et al.Study on tectonic evolution of Junggar Basin[J].Geological Journal Of China Universities,2002,8(3),257-267.
[17] 肖序常.新疆北部及其邻区大地构造[M].北京:地质出版社,1992. Xiao Xuchang.The tectonics of the Northern Xinjiang and its neighboring regions[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1992.
[18] 李锦轶,肖序常,汤耀庆,等.新疆东准噶尔卡拉麦里地区晚古生代板块构造的基本特征[J].地质论评,1990,36(4):305-316. Li Jinyi,Xiao Xuchang,Tang Yaoqing et al.Main characteristics of Late Paleozoic plate tectonics in the southern part of East Junggar,Xinjiang[J].Geological Review,1990,36(4):305-316.
[19] 徐学义,李荣社,陈隽璐,等.新疆北部古生代构造演化的几点认识[J].岩石学报,2014,30(6):1521-1534. Xu Xueyi,Li Rongshe,Chen Juanlu.New constrains on the Paleozoic tectonic evolution of the Northern Xinjiang Area[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2014,30(6):1521-1534.
[20] Vail P R.Seismic stratigraphy interpretation using sequence stratigraphy,part i:seismic stratigraphy interpretation procedure[C]//Atlas of Seismic Stratigraphy,Studies in Geology,1987:1-10.
[21] 尹微,陈昭年,许浩,等.不整合面类型及其油气地质意义[J].新疆石油地质,2006,27(2):239-241. Yin Wei,Chen Zhaonian,Xu Hao,et al.Unconformity type and its significance in petroleum geology[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2006,27(2):239-241.
[22] 何琰,牟中海.准噶尔盆地不整合面类型和分布规律[J].西南石油大学学报,2007,29(2):61-64,184. He Yan,Mou Zhonghai.The unconformity type and the distribution law in Junggar Basin[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum University,2007,29(2)2:61-64,184.
[23] Sloss L L.Forty years of sequence stratigraphy[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1988,100(100):1661-1665.
[24] 汤良杰,金之钧,漆家福,等.中国含油气盆地构造分析主要进展与展望[J].地质论评,2002,48(2):182-192. Tang Liangjie,Jin Zhijun,Qi Jiafu,et al.Main progress and prospects of the structural analysis of petroliferous basins in China[J].Geologi-cal Review,2002,48(2):182-192.
[25] 林畅松.沉积盆地的构造地层分析——以中国构造活动盆地研究为例[J].现代地质,2006,20(2):185-194. Lin Changsong.Tectono-stratigraphic analysis of sedimentary basins,a case study on the inland tectonically active basins in China[J].Geoscience,2006,20(2):185-194.
[26] 童晓光,梁狄刚.塔里木盆地油气勘探论文集[M].新疆乌鲁木齐:新疆科技卫生出版社,1991. Tong Xiaoguang,Liang Digang.Tarim Basin oil and gas exploration papers[M].Xinjiang:Science and Technology Publishing House,1991.
[27] Wheeler H E.Baselevel,lithosphere surface,and time-stratigraphy[J].Geological Society of America Bulletin,1964,75(7):599-609.
[28] Li D,He D F,Santosh M,et al.Petrogenesis of Late Paleozoic volcanics from the Zhaheba depression,East Junggar:Insights into collisional event in an accretionary orogen of Central Asia[J].Lithos,2014,184-187(1):167-193.
[29] 郑孟林,金之钧.准噶尔盆地北东向构造及其油气地质意义[J].地球科学,2004,29(4):467-472. Zheng Menglin,Jin Zhijun.NS-Trending structures and their significance on petroleum geology in Junggar Basin[J].Earth Science,2004,29(4):467-472.
[30] 李锦轶,杨天南,李亚萍,等.东准噶尔卡拉麦里断裂带的地质特征及其对中亚地区晚古生代洋陆格局重建的约束[J].地质通报,2009,28(12):1817-1826 Li Jinyi,Yang Tiannan,Li Yaping,et al.Geological features of the Karamaili faulting belt,Eastern Junggar region,Xinjiang,China and its constraints on the reconstruction of Late Paleozoic ocean-continental framework of the central asian region[J].Geological Bulletin of China,2009,28(12):1817-1826
[31] 宋利宏,朱光,顾承串,等.卡拉麦里断裂带造山期活动规律及其对造山过程的指示[J].地质论评,2015,61(1):79-94. Song Lihong,Zhu Guang,Gu Chengchuan,et al.Orogeny-related activities of Kalamaili fault zone and their indications to the orogenic processes[J].Geological Review,2015,61(1):79-94.
[32] Nilsen T H,Sylvester A G.Strike-slip basins:Part 1[J].Leading Edge,1999,18(10):1258-1267.
[33] 顾连兴,胡受奚,于春水,等.论博格达俯冲撕裂型裂谷的形成与演化[J].岩石学报,2001,17(4),585-597. Gu Lianxing,Hu Shouxi,Yu Chunshui,et al.Initiation and evolution of the Bogda subduction-torn-type rift[J].Acta Petrologica Sinica,17(4),585-597.
[34] 李涛,张进,卢苗安.准噶尔盆地南缘东段、东北缘盆山耦合研究[J].新疆石油地质,2008,12(6):680-686. Li Tao,Zhang Jin,Lu Miao an.study on basin-mountain coupling in east segment of southern margin and northeastern margin of Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,12(6):680-686
[35] 罗正江,王睿,詹家祯,等.新疆准噶尔盆地东北缘孔雀坪剖面二叠纪金沟组孢粉组合及其地层意义[J].微体古生物学报,2014,31(3):311-319. Luo Zhengjiang,Wand Rui,Zhan Jiazhen,et al.Sporopollen assemblage from the Permian jingou formation at theKongqueping section in the northeast margin of the Junggar Basin,Xin.iiang,NW China and its stratigraphical significance[J].Acta Micropalacontologica Sinica,2014,31(3):311-319.
[36] 邵学钟,张家茹,范会吉,等.准噶尔盆地基底结构的地震转换波探测[J].新疆石油地质,2008,29(4):439-444. Shaoxuezhong,Zhang Jiaru,Fan Huiji,et al.The basement structure in Junggar Basin:deep sounding by converted waves of earthquakes[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2008,29(4):439-444.
[37] 易泽军.准噶尔盆地东部二叠系地质结构及成因机制[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2018. Yi Zejun.Permiangeological architecture and formation mechanism of Eastern Junggar Basin[D].Beijing:China University Of Geosciences (Beijing),2018.
[38] 沈传波,梅廉夫,刘麟,等.新疆博格达山中新生代隆升-热历史的裂变径迹记录[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2006,26(3):87-92. Shen Chuanbo,Mei Lianfu,Liu Lin,et al.Evidence from apatite and zircon fission track analysis forMesozoic-Cenozoic uplift thermal history of Bogeda Mountain Of Xinjiang,Northwest China[J].Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology,2006,26(3):87-92.
[39] 朱文斌,舒良树,万景林,等.新疆博格达-哈尔里克山白垩纪以来剥露历史的裂变径迹证据[J].地质学报,2006,80(1):16-22. Zhu Wenbin,Shu Liangshu,Wan Jinglin,et al.Fission-track evidence for the exhumation history of Bogda-Harlik Mountains,Xinjiang since the Cretaceous[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2006,80(1):16-22.
[40] 王宗秀.博格达山链的造山活动与山体形成演化[D].北京:中国地震局地质研究所,2003. Zongxiu Wang.Orogeny,formation and evolution in the Bogeda Mountain Chains,Northwestern China[D].Beijing:Institute of Geology,Seismology,Seismogical Bureau Of China,2003.
[41] 杨伟利,王毅,李亚辉,等.准噶尔盆地燕山运动期构造应力场模拟[J].新疆石油地质,2003,24(2):124-126. Yang Weili,Wang Yi,Li Yahui,et al.Simulation of structural stress field during Yanshan movement in Junggar Basin[J].Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2003,24(2):124-126.
[42] 贾承造,何登发,陆洁民.中国喜马拉雅运动的期次及其动力学背景[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(2):121-125. Jia Chengzao,He Dengfa,Lu Jiemin.Episodes and geodynamic setting of Himalayan movement in China[J].Oil & Gas Geology 2004,25(2):121-125.