四川盆地东南缘齐岳山断裂构造特征与页岩气保存条件

doi:10.11743/ogg20200512

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

勘探现状表明，位于四川盆地东南缘的齐岳山断裂，导致了盆缘两侧页岩气成藏存在显著的差异性。文章基于最新的地震数据，结合区域地质资料，利用断层相关褶皱理论，系统解剖齐岳山断裂的构造变形特征，具体包括齐岳山断裂的几何特征，形成演化过程，以及对页岩气保存条件的影响。结果表明，齐岳山断裂在平面上呈S形分布，由多条不连续断层组成，且在北部呈右阶左行雁列式，在南部左阶右行排列；齐岳山断裂控制形成了西侧背斜和西侧斜坡两类转换带，并分别发育“基底冲断—断层相关褶皱—滑脱”和“基底逆冲—滑脱”两类构造变形模式，且断层断距从焦石坝到古蔺逐渐变小；齐岳山断裂在晚侏罗世主滑脱层抬升导致隔槽式褶皱带向隔档式转变过程中形成雏形，经历了晚白垩世黔中地块的改造作用和新近纪末期的差异隆升形成现今的形态；受齐岳山断裂控制，东侧强烈变形褶皱带保存条件差，仅宽缓向斜内残留常压页岩气藏，西侧前缘基底分支断层滑脱导致五峰组-龙马溪组抬升，形成的四个背斜构造埋深适中，为有利勘探目标，且自南向北其保存条件逐渐变好。

关键词: 差异构造变形, 保存条件, 转换断层, 页岩气, 齐岳山断裂, 四川盆地

Abstract:

Exploration activities show that the Qiyueshan Fault at the southeast margin of the Sichuan Basin is behind the significant differences in shale gas accumulations on both sides of the basin margin.Based on the latest seismic data and regional geological data, this study applied fault-related fold theories to a systematic discussion on the structural deformation features of the Qiyueshan Fault, particularly the fault's geometry, formation and evolution, and influence on the preservation of shale gas.The results show that the laterally S-shaped Qiyueshan Fault is composed of several discontinuous sub-faults in a right-stepping en echelon arrangement from the left to the north, and a left-stepping en echelon arrangement from the right to the south.The Qiyueshan Fault served to control the formation of two transition zones on the west side (the anticline and slope), and facilitated the development of two structural deformation patterns, namely the "basement thrust→fault-related folds→decollement", and "basement thrust→decollement".In addition, the throw of the Qiyueshan Fault gradually decreases from Jiaoshiba to Gulin.The fault took shape during the transition from trough-like folds to comb folds triggered by the uplift of the main detachment zone in the Late Jurassic.A later transformation by the central Guizhou block in the Late Cretaceous and the differential uplift at the end of Neogene helped the fault to take the present shape.Controlled by the Qiyueshan Fault, the preservation conditions in the severely deformed fold belt on the east side are so poor that only some gentle and broad synclines contain some normal pressure shale gas reservoirs.However, four anticlines, formed by the uplift of layers of interest due to detachment of the basement branch faults on the west side, are potential exploration targets with their moderate burial depths and gradually improving preservation conditions from south to north.

Key words: differential structural deformation, shale gas, preservation condition, transform fault, Qiyueshan Fault, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.2

庹秀松,陈孔全,罗顺社,等. 四川盆地东南缘齐岳山断裂构造特征与页岩气保存条件[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 1017-1027. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200512 Xiusong Tuo,Kongquan Chen,Shunshe Luo,et al. Structural characteristics of Qiyueshan Fault and shale gas preservation at the southeastern margin of Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(5): 1017-1027. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200512

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