石油与天然气地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 658-672.doi: 10.11743/ogg20240306

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

白垩纪特提斯域原型盆地与岩相古地理及其控油气作用

黄彤飞1(), 张光亚1,2(), 罗贝维1, 喻志骅1, 张磊3, 何治亮2, 白国平2, 尹继全1, 祝厚勤1, 殷进垠2, 姚健欢4   

  1. 1.中国石油 勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
    2.北京大学 能源研究院, 北京 100871
    3.中国石油油气和新能源分公司, 北京 100007
    4.中国石油天然气集团有限公司 综合管理部, 北京 100007
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-20 修回日期:2024-05-12 出版日期:2024-06-30 发布日期:2024-07-01
  • 通讯作者: 张光亚 E-mail:huangtfei@petrochina.com.cn;zgy@petrochina.com.cn
  • 第一作者简介:黄彤飞(1990—),男,博士、高级工程师,海外含油气盆地构造与油气地质。E‑mail: huangtfei@petrochina.com.cn
  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金项目(92255302);中国石油-北京大学战略合作计划基础研究合作项目(23-2-1);中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项(2023ZZ07)

Cretaceous prototype basins and lithofacies paleogeography in the Tethyan domain and their role in hydrocarbon accumulation

Tongfei HUANG1(), Guangya ZHANG1,2(), Beiwei LUO1, Zhihua YU1, Lei ZHANG3, Zhiliang HE2, Guoping BAI2, Jiquan YIN1, Houqin ZHU1, Jinyin YIN2, Jianhuan YAO4   

  1. 1.Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development,PetroChina,Beijing 100083,China
    2.Institute of Energy,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China
    3.PetroChina Oil,Gas & New Energies Company,Beijing 100007
    4.General Management Department,CNPC,Beijing 100007,China
  • Received:2024-01-20 Revised:2024-05-12 Online:2024-06-30 Published:2024-07-01
  • Contact: Guangya ZHANG E-mail:huangtfei@petrochina.com.cn;zgy@petrochina.com.cn

摘要:

研究特提斯域在白垩纪的古构造格局、原型盆地及岩相古地理特征,对于深化特提斯域油气富集规律认识具有重要作用。在聚焦早白垩世(125 Ma±)和晚白垩世(90 Ma±)特提斯域原型盆地和岩相古地理发育特征的基础上,重点讨论了白垩纪构造、沉积演化对特提斯域油气成藏条件及富集的控制作用。研究结果表明:①早白垩世(125 Ma±),新特提洋处于快速张开阶段,在特提斯域近劳亚大陆一侧的欧洲—北非段、中东—中亚段主要发育被动陆缘盆地、裂谷盆地和弧后盆地,在中国西部—印度段主要发育被动陆缘盆地和弧后盆地,中国东部—东南亚段主要发育克拉通内盆地。在特提斯域近冈瓦纳大陆一侧广泛发育被动陆缘盆地。②晚白垩世(90 Ma±),新特提洋处于萎缩早期阶段,特提斯域近冈瓦纳大陆一侧被动陆缘盆地及近劳亚大陆一侧裂谷盆地与弧后盆地继承发展。③特提斯域北缘与南缘在早、晚白垩世均广泛发育厚层以砂岩+泥岩+碳酸盐岩为主的岩相组合,纵向上形成多套有利生-储-盖组合,在冈瓦纳大陆北缘的北非、中东及澳大利亚板块北部地区,油气成藏条件更为优越。④中东波斯湾地区白垩纪在相对稳定的板块构造背景下发育了被动陆缘原型盆地及滨浅海-半深海沉积,加之阿拉伯板块持续位于低纬度环境,由此形成和保存了白垩系富有机质烃源岩和多套优质储-盖组合,为大规模油气富集提供了优越的成藏条件。

关键词: 油气富集, 岩相古地理, 古构造格局, 白垩纪, 原型盆地, 特提斯域

Abstract:

Investigating the Cretaceous paleotectonic framework, prototype basins, and lithofacies paleogeographic characteristics of the Tethyan domain is essential for gaining a deeper understanding of the hydrocarbon accumulation patterns therein. Focusing on prototype basins and lithofacies paleogeographic characteristics during the Early Cretaceous (125 Ma±) and Late Cretaceous (90 Ma±) in the Tethyan domain, this study highlights the role of the Cretaceous structural and sedimentary evolution in governing hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment in the domain. The results indicate the rapid spreading of the Neo-Tethys Ocean during the Early Cretaceous (125 Ma±). Accordingly, the Tethyan domain near Laurasia witnessed the formation of passive margin, rift, and back-arc basins in the Europe-North Africa and Middle East-Central Asia sections; the development of passive margin and back-arc basins in its western China-India section, and the occurrence of intracratonic basins in its eastern China-Southeast Asia section. In contrast, the Tethyan domain near Gondwanaland featured extensive passive margin basins during this period. As the Neo-Tethys Ocean began to contract during the Late Cretaceous (90 Ma±), the passive margin basins in the Tethyan domain near Gondwana and the rift basins and back-arc basins in the realm near Laurasia were maintained and further developed. Throughout the Early and Late Cretaceous, lithofacies assemblages dominated by thickly laminated sandstones, mudstones, and carbonate rocks were widely seen along both the northern and southern margins of the Tethyan domain, with multiple source rock-reservoir-caprock assemblages favorable for hydrocarbon accumulation formed vertically. Notably, regions along the northern margin of Gondwana, including North Africa, the Middle East, and the northern Australian Plate, exhibit superior geological conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation. During the Cretaceous, the Persian Gulf region of the Middle East exhibited passive margin prototype basins with littoral-neritic to bathyal sediments against a relatively stable plate. In comparison, the Arabian Plate’s low-latitude environment facilitated the formation and preservation of large quantities of organic-rich source rocks, as well as the multiple reservoir-caprock assemblages of high quality.

Key words: hydrocarbon enrichment, lithofacies paleogeography, paleotectonic framework, Cretaceous, prototype basin, Tethyan domain

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