四川盆地西部彭州气田中三叠统雷口坡组四段上亚段白云岩孔隙表征、分布及成因

doi:10.11743/ogg20200116

Abstract

Abstract:

Microbiological and micritic-calcisiltic dolomites have been regarded as the dominant reservoir lithology in the upper section of the 4th member of the Leikoupo Formation in Pengzhou gas field. Multiple analytical and statistical methods are applied to study the pore types, physical properties, and pore structure parameters, as well as their impact on lithofacies (especially for microbialite) and crystal size of the dolomites. Besides, four types of reservoirs and the tight zones (interlayers) are identified. The main factors controlling pore formation and distribution are hereby proposed. The results show that dolomites with various microbial textures account for nearly 3/4 of the total formation, most of which are silty-micritic and calcisiltic dolomites. In a high-frequency cycle, the dolomite textures vary upwards from algal clot, to algal spheroid (or algal arene), to algal lamina, and then to laminated silty types. In terms of grain size, a cycle is composed regularly of grained, very fine-(fine-) crystal, micritic, and silty dolomites from the bottom to the top. A dry, hot and alkaline sedimentary environment of hypersalinity prevailed during the Middle Triassic, favorable for the development of microbialites. The meter-scale shallowing-upward cycles of thin (algal) laminae, that is, from the thrombolites and stromatolites in the upper part of the subtidal zone to the intertidal algal laminae-stromatolites, and then to the thin (algal) laminae in the supratidal zone, caused the well development of zones of high porosity and permeability in the upper and middle parts of the sequence. In addition, factors including rapid seepage reflux dolomitization and meteoric freshwater dissolution, early hydrocarbon charging in the shallow burial stage, and multi-stage tectonic fracturing, all play an important role in pore development and preservation.

Key words: reservoir characterization, distribution of reservoirs, origin of reservoirs, dolomite, Leikoupo Formation, Pengzhou gas field, Sichuan Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Lingfang Zhou, Yixiong Qian, Xiaobo Song, Bo Cao, Donghua You, Yong Li. Characteristics, distribution and origin of dolomite reservoir in the upper Lei 4 member of the Middle Triassic, Pengzhou gas field, western Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(1): 177-188.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1

Table 1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Table 2

Fig.6

Fig.7

Table 3

Fig.8

Table 4

The lithology, microfacies, depositional cycle, and diagenesis of the cored interval, and the correlation of pore development and physical property in Well PZ1 in Pengzhou gas field"

埋深/m	层段	主要岩性	微相与旋回	成岩作用(胶结类型及比例)	不同类型孔隙比例	实测物性
5 763.95~ 5 767.77	T₂l⁴ (3-1)	有孔虫球粒-砂屑-核形石灰岩	SMF18, 21, 13	C0-CⅠ(1%0~15%)、剩余孔隙1%~2%、溶缝孔5%~10%(CⅠ-CⅡ)全部胶结，缝合线白云化(1%~3%)，微裂隙孔隙1%~2%	溶缝31%，BC-IP16%，藻溶孔53%(n=19)	孔隙度< 2%，个别样品达4%，渗透率< 0.1×10^-³ μm²
5 808.00~ 5 815.30	T₂l⁴ (3-2)	砂屑-球粒-叠层石白云质灰岩	向上变深, SMF11, 16, 21, 19	泥晶套	溶缝17%，MO+FE(7.0%)，BC-IP27%，藻溶孔27.6%(n=29)
5 808.00~ 5 815.30	T₂l⁴ (3-2)	残余藻球粒-粉晶-泥晶白云岩、灰质白云岩	向上变深, SMF11, 16, 21, 19	雾心亮边、去白云化、偶含硬石膏、扩溶缝	溶缝17%，MO+FE(7.0%)，BC-IP27%，藻溶孔27.6%(n=29)	孔隙度为2%~5%，渗透率介于0.01×10^-3~0.1×10^-3μm²
5 817.80~ 5 821.00	T₂l⁴ (3-3)	粉晶-凝块-球粒-微晶与凝块白云岩夹薄层残余藻球粒灰质白云岩	2个向上变深, SMF17，13	非组构扩溶缝洞、FE、渗流砂	溶缝18.8%，MO+FE(8.3%)，BC-IP41.7%，藻溶孔31.25%(n=29)	孔隙度部分大于5%，渗透率介于0.1×10^-3~10×10^-3 μm²
5 821.60~ 5 825.80	T₂l⁴ (3-4)	砂屑-凝块-球粒-泥晶白云岩	向上变浅, SMF16	棘皮(纤状C00+粒状C01：10%)-巨晶CⅡ(20%~30%)，云化50%~60%(5 821.88 m),溶孔(CⅠ)+裂隙CⅠ(10%)(5 822.95 m)		孔隙度为2%~3%，渗透率介于0.1×10^-3~1.0×10^-3 μm²
5 825.80~ 5 828.80		含生屑球粒-凝块-粉晶-砂屑灰质白云岩	向上变深	砂屑-凝块(纤状-粒状C00-C01, 10%)，溶孔CⅠ(5%~8%)，MO(1%~2%); FE5%~8%，CⅠ，扩溶孔，泡沬状，FE3%~5%(CⅠ1%~2%胶结)
5 825.80~ 5 828.80		粉晶-泥粉晶-粉细晶白云岩	强白云化, SMF18	晶间孔、晶间溶孔、微裂隙		孔隙度为2%~5%，渗透率介于0.1×10^-3~1.0×10^-3 μm²

Table 4

Fig.9

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类型	组构选择性	种类及特征
A	组构选择性溶蚀	粒间孔IP、晶间孔BC、粒内孔WP、窗格孔FE、遮蔽孔SH，铸模孔MO、与生物有关格架(GF)、微生物席(凝块、核形石、藻纹层-叠层石等)藻菌有关的有机孔OM、膏溶模孔、生物扰动-钻孔-遗迹、潜穴BO-BU等
B	组构-非组构溶蚀	角砾间(溶)孔，窗格溶孔(洞)、膏溶孔洞、各种残余孔(洞)等
C	裂隙-非组构溶蚀	张扭裂隙、压扭剪切(X共轭、雁行排列)、扩溶缝(洞)、溶孔洞(穴)、溶沟-渠道等
D	微孔隙	0.02~10 μm孔隙，泥晶白云石、方解石晶间微孔；凝块、叠层石、藻纹层中微孔、粘土有机质中微孔以及晶体内微孔(石膏、天青石、萤石、黄铁矿等)

岩石类型	储集空间	孔隙结构	排驱压力/MPa	孔喉半径/μm	孔隙度/%	渗透率/(10^-3 μm²)
泥微晶白云岩	微裂隙和微孔隙	纳米孔喉，连通性差	$ \frac{{{\rm{0.14 \sim 4.34}}}}{{{\rm{1.90(7)}}}}$	$\frac{{{\rm{0.17 \sim 5.23}}}}{{{\rm{1.10(7)}}}} $	$ \frac{{{\rm{1.08 \sim 3.70}}}}{{{\rm{2.32(7)}}}}$	$\frac{{{\rm{0.004 \sim 0.542}}}}{{{\rm{0.106(6)}}}} $
微粉晶白云岩	晶间(溶)孔	大孔喉，连通性好	$ \frac{{{\rm{0.18 \sim 1.93}}}}{{{\rm{0.63(5)}}}}$	$ \frac{{{\rm{0.38 \sim 5.32}}}}{{{\rm{2.62(5)}}}}$	$ \frac{{{\rm{2.46 \sim 5.77}}}}{{{\rm{3.94(5)}}}}$	$ \frac{{{\rm{0.070 \sim 14.100}}}}{{{\rm{3.156(5)}}}}$
藻凝块(藻团块)白云岩	(藻)格架孔、粒间(溶)孔	亚微米孔喉，连通性一般	$ \frac{{{\rm{0.14 \sim 0.45}}}}{{{\rm{0.32(5)}}}}$	$ \frac{{{\rm{1.62 \sim 5.31}}}}{{{\rm{2.75(5)}}}}$	$ \frac{{{\rm{2.63 \sim 7.61}}}}{{{\rm{5.61(5)}}}}$	$ \frac{{{\rm{0.030 \sim 2.120}}}}{{{\rm{0.913(5)}}}}$
藻球粒(藻砂屑)白云岩	(藻)格架孔、粒间(溶)孔和微孔隙	亚微米孔喉，连通性一般	$ \frac{{{\rm{0.14 \sim 1.79}}}}{{{\rm{0.66(7)}}}}$	$ \frac{{{\rm{0.41 \sim 5.23}}}}{{{\rm{2.1(7)}}}}$	$ \frac{{{\rm{2.66 \sim 8.89}}}}{{{\rm{5.68(7)}}}}$	$ \frac{{{\rm{0.004 \sim 1.520}}}}{{{\rm{0.491(7)}}}}$
藻纹层藻粘结白云岩	(藻)格架孔晶间(溶孔)	大孔喉，连通性好	$ \frac{{{\rm{0.07 \sim 1.15}}}}{{{\rm{0.32(21)}}}}$	$ \frac{{{\rm{0.64 \sim 103.58}}}}{{{\rm{10.82(21)}}}}$	$ \frac{{{\rm{2.19 \sim 15.13}}}}{{{\rm{6.15(21)}}}}$	$ \frac{{{\rm{0.056 \sim 10.300}}}}{{{\rm{1.133(20)}}}}$

储层分类	Ⅰ	Ⅱ	Ⅲ	Ⅳ(致密层)
孔隙度/%	>10	10~5	5~2	< 2
渗透率/(10^-3 μm²)	>5	5~0.1	0.1~0.01	< 0.01
平均孔喉半径/μm	>0.3	0.3~0.1	0.1~0.05	< 0.05
主要岩石类型	藻纹层-球粒、叠层石云岩、藻纹层-藻粘结云岩及藻砂屑(凝块)云岩、粉细晶云岩	藻球粒-藻纹层-藻粘结云岩、粉(细)晶云岩、藻凝块云岩、藻砂屑(凝块)云岩	残余藻球粒(或纹层)(含灰)泥粉晶云岩、砂屑(凝块)-藻粘结云岩、含灰粉晶云岩	含灰(膏)泥(粉)晶云岩、含云的泥晶灰岩或藻粘结灰岩、含云的生屑泥晶灰岩
孔隙类型	窗格(扩)溶孔洞、藻格架孔、溶孔洞、粒内溶孔、晶间(溶)孔及裂隙、扩溶缝、角砾状溶孔	晶间(溶)孔、窗格(扩溶)孔、粒内(间)孔、溶孔(洞)、残留孔隙、微裂隙、扩溶缝	晶间孔、粒内孔(微孔隙)、窗格孔、角砾状孔、微裂隙、铸模孔、扩溶缝、残余孔	晶(粒)间孔、粒间(内)孔、微孔隙
其他特征	无或较弱的胶结、油斑或油迹	白云石、方解石胶结或充填等、少量油斑	去云化、白云石、方解石胶结或充填等	微生物矿化、白云岩化、去云化、石膏胶结

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Characteristics, distribution and origin of dolomite reservoir in the upper Lei 4 member of the Middle Triassic, Pengzhou gas field, western Sichuan Basin

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