皖南地区上二叠统大隆组页岩沉积环境与有机质富集机理

doi:10.11743/ogg20210114

Abstract

Abstract:

The organic-rich shale in the Upper Permian Dalong Formation in southern Anhui Province is one of the major source rocks in the Lower Yangtze region and also the important shale gas exploration target in China.Its sedimentary environment and organic matter enrichment mechanisms were studied through organic geochemical tests and elemental geochemical analyses on samples from Well Gangdi-1 in the area.Results show that the shale was deposited in a warm and humid paleoclimate in which biotic productivity was high and sedimentary rate was relatively fast.The sedimentation experienced an environmental transition from an overall dysoxic-anaerobic setting with regional rising sea level that enhanced sediment retention during the early and middle stages to an oxydic setting with falling regional sea level (accompanied by regional volcanic hydrothermal activities at the end of the Permian) that reduced sediment retention during the later stage.In other words, the Dalong Formation shale, rather than a child of a single factor, is the result of a mutual configuration and coupling of multiple factors such as paleoclimate, paleoredox, biotic productivity, and sedimentary rate.The rising regional sea level during the early sedimentary stage took with it abundant nutrients from deep up to the surface, leading to bacteria, algae and phytoplankton booms that significantly enhanced the biotic productivity and a dysoxic-anaerobic water body that aided in the preservation of organic matter in a partially reducing environment.The falling sea level that formed an oxydic environment during the late stage of sedimentation was unfavorable in terms of organic matter preservation.However, the organic matter was still well preserved when the Permian volcanic hydrothermal activities brought in rich nutrients that promoted the mass reproduction of microorganisms (both the source of high biotic productivity and the reason of a rapid consumption of oxygen), accelerated sedimentary rate to shorten the exposure time, and fasten the burial and preservation process of organic matter.

Key words: organic matter, enrichment mechanism, sedimentary environment, black shale, Dalong Formation, the Permian, South Anhui Province

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Jianghui Ding, Jinchuan Zhang, Gang Shi, Baojian Shen, Xuan Tang, Zhenheng Yang, Xingqi Li, Chuxiong Li. Sedimentary environment and organic matter enrichment mechanisms of the Upper Permian Dalong Formation shale, southern Anhui Province, China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(1): 158-172.

Figures/Tables 13

Fig.1

Fig.2

Table 1

TOC and major element oxide contents of the Upper Permian Dalong Formation shale samples, southern Anhui Province"

样品编号	深度/m	TOC/%	氧化物含量/%											CIA	元素含量比
样品编号	深度/m	TOC/%	SiO₂	Al₂O₃	Fe₂O₃	FeO	MgO	CaO	Na₂O	K₂O	MnO	TiO₂	P₂O₅	CIA	P/Ti	Fe/Ti	(Fe+Mn)/Ti
DL-1	984.9	3.54	47.33	15.71	2.60	0.55	1.15	10.95	1.39	2.03	0.11	0.29	0.13	69.89	0.33	12.87	13.34
DL-2	983.8	6.45	54.58	8.87	1.93	0.58	1.13	11.71	0.92	1.47	0.06	0.27	0.29	65.75	0.80	11.29	11.58
DL-3	982.0	1.89	50.20	11.67	2.21	0.67	2.04	12.51	0.80	1.08	0.08	0.22	0.25	75.40	0.82	15.53	15.99
DL-4	981.0	2.33	68.03	10.08	3.85	0.86	1.57	3.32	0.83	1.59	0.09	0.31	0.10	69.42	0.23	18.09	18.45
DL-5	979.3	2.02	56.52	13.60	2.36	0.91	2.10	9.17	0.77	1.05	0.08	0.20	0.05	78.80	0.19	19.66	20.19
DL-6	977.7	3.16	52.01	12.38	2.71	0.88	1.96	11.56	0.94	1.28	0.07	0.25	0.10	73.38	0.28	16.94	17.27
DL-7	975.5	4.35	57.41	13.43	4.35	0.82	1.18	5.06	1.52	2.03	0.04	0.45	0.13	65.11	0.21	13.76	13.86
DL-8	973.7	3.05	48.35	14.81	3.87	0.77	1.33	12.53	1.15	1.13	0.07	0.28	0.58	74.74	1.51	19.62	19.93
DL-9	971.7	2.67	63.41	12.46	3.65	0.77	1.29	3.84	1.49	1.85	0.03	0.45	0.15	64.35	0.24	11.76	11.85
DL-10	970.5	4.56	55.69	13.38	3.74	0.91	1.41	6.85	1.32	1.93	0.03	0.40	0.10	67.54	0.19	13.96	14.05
DL-11	967.5	3.68	51.21	16.56	5.45	1.60	1.96	4.64	1.46	2.36	0.03	0.56	0.77	69.24	1.01	15.17	15.23
DL-12	966.8	2.59	56.05	19.02	5.92	2.08	1.57	0.59	0.94	2.95	0.02	0.61	0.12	77.48	0.14	15.77	15.81
DL-13	964.0	3.20	54.35	18.99	6.20	1.51	1.61	0.86	0.90	2.80	0.02	0.63	0.09	76.42	0.10	14.50	14.53
DL-14	961.5	1.42	36.18	10.42	6.74	4.53	4.95	15.69	1.03	1.73	0.09	0.36	0.10	66.45	0.20	38.58	38.90
DL-15	959.1	3.52	57.14	9.80	6.40	2.77	3.53	7.40	0.87	1.60	0.08	0.54	0.10	68.03	0.14	20.44	20.63
DL-16	957.2	6.10	43.83	13.31	5.70	2.26	2.04	10.36	1.29	2.09	0.07	0.50	0.12	67.17	0.18	19.08	19.25
DL-17	955.6	1.19	59.88	16.84	5.00	1.61	1.55	2.34	0.96	2.12	0.04	0.37	0.09	75.51	0.17	21.23	21.36
DL-18	953.5	2.05	58.90	18.45	5.01	1.37	1.36	0.89	0.71	2.70	0.02	0.39	0.09	77.87	0.17	19.44	19.50
DL-19	950.4	3.94	52.72	19.35	6.22	1.49	1.34	1.32	0.74	2.56	0.03	0.44	0.08	78.78	0.13	21.07	21.15
DL-20	948.4	2.61	57.02	19.66	5.20	2.22	1.61	0.43	0.81	2.96	0.02	0.49	0.07	79.25	0.10	18.11	18.17
DL-21	945.9	2.81	34.38	10.64	5.33	3.16	3.14	18.52	0.82	1.62	0.11	0.43	0.16	70.51	0.28	24.04	24.37
DL-22	943.6	2.94	53.01	12.40	3.59	1.70	1.69	9.75	1.21	1.92	0.05	0.36	0.12	67.18	0.23	17.61	17.78
DL-23	941.8	1.86	57.05	17.36	5.08	1.15	1.55	2.96	1.05	2.75	0.03	0.42	0.07	72.97	0.13	17.58	17.66
DL-24	940.1	2.04	58.09	16.20	5.37	1.69	1.69	2.56	1.15	2.66	0.04	0.41	0.09	70.86	0.16	20.47	20.59
DL-25	937.8	1.70	57.76	16.55	4.66	1.56	1.64	3.45	1.20	2.53	0.04	0.42	0.10	71.23	0.17	17.72	17.85
DL-26	936.1	4.90	50.22	12.74	4.36	1.43	1.45	9.71	2.44	1.74	0.06	0.29	0.16	56.25	0.41	24.35	24.61
DL-27	934.2	1.71	56.33	15.12	4.51	1.32	1.91	5.09	1.58	2.29	0.05	0.33	0.09	66.33	0.20	21.00	21.18
DL-28	932.5	2.18	55.31	13.65	4.65	1.22	1.76	6.58	1.58	2.21	0.05	0.32	0.11	64.27	0.24	21.69	21.87
DL-29	929.5	2.89	61.97	10.82	3.77	1.22	1.22	6.28	1.17	1.87	0.03	0.22	0.08	64.82	0.27	26.94	27.10
DL-30	928.6	1.50	59.47	13.79	4.67	1.07	1.43	5.06	1.10	2.32	0.03	0.34	0.06	69.23	0.13	19.99	20.10
DL-31	920.7	1.18	60.95	15.51	4.66	2.28	1.61	1.87	1.02	2.96	0.02	0.46	0.09	70.28	0.14	18.32	18.39
DL-32	918.4	1.80	62.10	13.45	4.10	2.01	1.37	3.33	1.19	2.62	0.02	0.38	0.11	66.58	0.20	19.29	19.37
DL-33	916.7	1.24	54.33	10.92	3.28	1.84	1.33	12.16	0.95	2.09	0.06	0.28	0.09	67.03	0.25	22.59	22.87
平均值		2.82	54.60	14.18	4.46	1.54	1.77	6.65	1.13	2.09	0.05	0.38	0.15	70.25	0.30	19.04	19.24

Table 1

Table 2

Trace element contents and several calculated parameters of the Upper Permian Dalong Formation shale samples in southern Anhui Province"

样品编号	微量元素含量/10^-6							计算参数
样品编号	V	Cr	Co	Ni	Mo	Th	U	U/Th	V/Cr	Ni/Co	EF_U	EF_Mo	ΣREE	(La/Yb)_N	δCe
DL-1	444.0	69.0	10.6	91.4	26.5	11.3	13.9	1.23	6.43	8.62	3.97	10.99	151.12	1.18	0.87
DL-2	384.0	75.0	6.8	74.6	60.8	10.2	18.7	1.83	5.12	10.92	9.47	44.65	114.33	0.76	0.75
DL-3	306.0	61.0	6.2	45.9	4.8	6.1	8.0	1.31	5.02	7.36	3.09	2.67	87.24	1.01	0.70
DL-4	334.0	76.0	7.8	62.7	8.7	9.5	14.1	1.49	4.39	8.08	6.30	5.60	222.55	1.38	0.85
DL-5	404.0	90.0	6.2	43.7	10.0	7.6	16.6	2.18	4.49	7.07	5.48	4.79	89.71	1.06	0.86
DL-6	379.0	68.0	7.1	55.3	33.5	8.9	16.3	1.84	5.57	7.80	5.92	17.63	89.33	1.02	0.83
DL-7	491.0	94.0	11.9	108.0	35.9	12.9	13.9	1.08	5.22	9.08	4.65	17.41	131.72	1.11	0.85
DL-8	525.0	114.0	9.2	68.0	39.2	7.4	14.0	1.88	4.61	7.39	4.25	17.24	150.25	0.76	0.78
DL-9	463.0	92.0	9.5	69.2	18.1	15.8	18.1	1.14	5.03	7.28	6.52	9.46	182.88	0.93	0.86
DL-10	528.0	103.0	11.3	87.3	32.9	13.6	20.7	1.52	5.13	7.73	6.96	16.02	176.88	1.18	0.86
DL-11	447.0	98.0	13.8	107.3	33.6	14.5	31.4	2.17	4.56	7.78	8.53	13.22	288.94	1.07	0.87
DL-12	643.0	139.0	12.3	95.3	13.0	17.5	17.2	0.98	4.63	7.75	4.06	4.45	173.06	1.20	0.86
DL-13	616.0	125.0	10.4	80.9	24.4	17.4	21.6	1.24	4.93	7.78	5.12	8.37	170.82	1.07	0.87
DL-14	337.0	63.0	8.1	64.4	16.5	10.2	14.8	1.45	5.35	7.95	6.37	10.31	108.17	0.89	0.83
DL-15	355.0	85.0	8.6	64.4	8.7	13.2	15.5	1.18	4.18	7.51	7.12	5.76	128.39	0.96	0.83
DL-16	498.0	105.0	14.5	110.0	51.8	13.0	26.7	2.05	4.74	7.59	9.02	25.35	149.00	0.76	0.83
DL-17	557.0	123.0	6.5	41.4	15.8	18.2	18.8	1.03	4.53	6.37	5.01	6.11	202.41	1.32	0.88
DL-18	512.0	117.0	8.6	68.6	13.3	18.3	27.3	1.49	4.38	7.98	6.64	4.70	192.93	0.98	0.85
DL-19	715.0	135.0	11.4	111.0	36.1	19.6	21.9	1.12	5.30	9.74	5.09	12.15	201.41	1.21	0.88
DL-20	485.0	94.0	9.6	70.0	3.5	17.4	25.6	1.47	5.16	7.29	5.86	1.17	174.30	1.25	0.95
DL-21	281.0	65.0	7.3	53.5	4.2	11.0	17.5	1.59	4.32	7.33	7.40	2.57	164.77	0.80	0.84
DL-22	290.0	155.0	7.6	55.2	10.8	11.0	16.8	1.53	1.87	7.26	6.09	5.67	116.52	1.14	0.85
DL-23	244.0	135.0	17.1	66.1	15.7	17.4	7.1	0.41	1.81	3.87	1.84	5.89	167.34	1.06	0.88
DL-24	255.0	133.0	16.2	60.5	29.0	16.1	7.8	0.48	1.92	3.73	2.16	11.66	161.22	1.12	0.88
DL-25	243.0	174.0	15.0	61.4	10.7	16.6	5.8	0.35	1.40	4.09	1.57	4.21	171.14	1.21	0.88
DL-26	219.0	208.0	13.3	99.1	17.6	12.3	8.2	0.67	1.05	7.45	2.91	9.00	131.77	0.92	0.86
DL-27	206.0	144.0	11.8	47.6	11.3	15.6	6.5	0.42	1.43	4.03	1.94	4.87	156.38	1.22	0.87
DL-28	310.0	197.0	15.9	67.0	16.3	13.1	7.2	0.55	1.57	4.21	2.36	7.78	147.42	1.09	0.87
DL-29	227.0	143.0	10.1	59.4	19.6	9.0	7.9	0.88	1.59	5.88	3.29	11.80	124.56	1.11	0.85
DL-30	245.0	169.0	12.8	50.0	19.3	14.4	7.3	0.51	1.45	3.91	2.38	9.12	148.75	1.20	0.87
DL-31	196.0	172.0	14.7	46.6	12.5	15.8	5.9	0.38	1.14	3.17	1.72	5.25	185.43	1.29	0.90
DL-32	191.0	178.0	14.0	51.8	10.4	13.9	7.5	0.54	1.07	3.70	2.51	5.04	171.70	1.19	0.92
DL-33	145.0	132.0	11.0	37.3	4.1	10.9	4.8	0.44	1.10	3.39	1.96	2.46	129.44	1.14	0.86
平均值	378.0	119.1	10.8	68.9	20.3	13.3	14.7	1.16	3.65	6.70	4.77	9.80	156.42	1.08	0.85

Table 2

Fig.3

Table 3

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Fig.7

Fig.8

Fig.9

Fig.10

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Sedimentary environment and organic matter enrichment mechanisms of the Upper Permian Dalong Formation shale, southern Anhui Province, China

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样品编号	热解参数/(mg·g^-1)			T_max/℃	(S₁+S₂)/(mg·g^-1)	HI/(mg·g^-1)	组分含量/%				类型指数	类型
样品编号	S₁	S₂	S₃	T_max/℃	(S₁+S₂)/(mg·g^-1)	HI/(mg·g^-1)	腐泥组	壳质组	镜质组	惰质组	类型指数	类型
DL-1	0.90	4.33	0.28	453	5.23	122.32	73.7	0	25.0	1.3	53.7	Ⅱ₁
DL-5	0.37	1.61	0.14	455	1.98	79.70	92.7	0	6.7	0.7	87.0	Ⅰ
DL-8	0.61	2.67	0.25	452	3.28	87.54	89.7	0	9.3	1.0	81.7	Ⅰ
DL-11	0.22	0.81	0.27	455	1.03	22.01	87.7	0	10.7	1.7	78.0	Ⅱ₁
DL-13	0.65	2.40	0.20	454	3.05	75.00	—	—	—	—	—	—
DL-18	0.41	1.52	0.16	450	1.93	74.15	86.6	3.0	9.3	1.1	80.0	Ⅰ
DL-21	0.51	2.00	0.22	453	2.51	71.17	94.5	0	5.0	0.5	90.3	Ⅰ
DL-23	0.29	1.19	0.18	448	1.48	63.98	90.2	0	8.4	1.4	82.5	Ⅰ
DL-25	0.47	1.73	0.21	450	2.20	101.76	—	—	—	—	—	—
DL-28	0.33	1.42	0.18	452	1.75	65.14	91.8	0	7.4	0.8	85.5	Ⅰ
DL-31	0.35	1.35	0.18	448	1.70	114.41	86.3	1.0	11.8	0.9	77.1	Ⅱ₁
平均值	0.46	1.91	0.21	452	2.38	79.74	88.1	0.4	10.4	1.0	79.5