异常高有机质沉积富集过程与元素地球化学特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20210414

Abstract

Abstract:

Organic matter (OM) accumulation plays a key role in the development of sweet spots in unconventional oil and gas plays, especially in shale. Fine-grained sedimentary rocks containing or associated with sweet spots generally have TOC content of higher than 3.0%. We define these sediments or sedimentary rocks with TOC ≥ 3.0% as the extraordinary high organic matter (EHOM) deposits, and propose conceptual hypotheses for the accumulation process of EHOM. We suggest that high primary productivity provides prerequisites for OM accumulation and that the anoxia is prone to enhance large scale accumulation of EHOM. We use the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations in the Sichuan Basin to carry out a case study for the discussion on the elemental bio-geochemical cycles during the EHOM accumulation processes. The conceptual hypothesis for EHOM enrichments constrained by elementary geochemistry is verified. Our result shows that the EHOM enrichment in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations was the results of dynamic evolutions of the high primary productivity and the redox conditions jointly controlled by high primary productivity and water circulation. As one of the research targets of unconventional petroleum sedimentology, this study could help better understanding the forming mechanism of the "sweet-spots" and further support unconventional petroleum exploration and development.

Key words: extraordinary high organic matter content, fine-grained deposits, shale oil and gas, unconventional petroleum sedimentology, Longmaxi Formation, Sichuan Basin

CLC Number:

TE135

Zhen Qiu, Hengye Wei, Hanlin Liu, Nan Shao, Yuman Wang, Leifu Zhang, Qin Zhang. Accumulation of sediments with extraordinary high organic matter content: Insight gained through geochemical characterization of indicative elements[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(4): 931-948.

Figures/Tables 10

Fig.1

Fig.2

Fig.3

Table 1

Fig.4

Fig.5

Fig.6

Table 2

Main elements geochemical data in the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formation, South China (some data are from references [92-96])"

参数	笔石带WF1-2						笔石带WF3-4
参数	巫溪田坝		石柱漆辽		长宁双河		巫溪田坝		石柱漆辽		长宁双河
TOC/%	1.7 (0~5)	N=22	2.9 (2.6~4.3)	N=6	2.5 (0.1~6.4)	N=16	4.3 (1.1~16)	N=34	6.9 (2.8~14)	N=15	3.8 (2.3~5.7)	N=31
Ba_bio/10^-6	1536 (611~3 153)	N=21	753 (697~824)	N=6	523 (327~930)	N=16	1749 (885~2 930)	N=34	748 (563~878)	N=15	537 (226~925)	N=35
P/10^-6	284 (87~829)	N=20	189 (131~393)	N=6	355 (175~567)	N=14	146 (44~786)	N=33	319 (87~698)	N=13	572 (218~916)	N=31
Cu_EF	1.5 (0.2~6.1)	N=22	1.3 (0.8~2.3)	N=6	3.0 (0.7~5.5)	N=16	3.7 (0.5~9.7)	N=34	2.7 (0.3~5.5)	N=15	3.6 (1.6~6.6)	N=35
Zn_EF	0.7 (0.2~5.3)	N=22	0.2 (0.1~0.4)	N=6	3.1 (0.5~12.4)	N=15	1.6 (0.3~7.2)	N=34	1.9 (0.2~8.5)	N=15	3.7 (0.3~12.4)	N=35
Mo_EF	15 (0.3~77)	N=22	4.1 (3.0~7.9)	N=6	17 (0.7~53.6)	N=16	72 (11~234)	N=34	162 (109~282)	N=15	87 (7.1~231)	N=31
U_EF	5.2 (0.9~16)	N=22	2.9 (1.9~4.4)	N=6	5.1 (1~8.4)	N=16	15 (6.9~24)	N=34	13 (9.7~17)	N=15	14 (4.3~44)	N=31
C_org/P	184 (7.4~591)	N=19	497 (177~848)	N=6	188 (10~343)	N=14	950 (59~3 154)	N=33	723 (277~1 804)	N=13	190 (105~325)	N=31

参数	笔石带LM1—5						笔石带LM6—8		笔石带LM9
参数	巫溪田坝		石柱漆辽		长宁双河		巫溪田坝		巫溪田坝
TOC/%	5.6 (3.8~8.4)	N=19	6.3 (3.5~9.5)	N=14	5.1 (3.1~8.8)	N=23	2.9 (1.2~4.4)	N=24	0.1 (0.1~0.2)	N=5
Ba_bio /10^-6	2 370 (1 704~4 173)	N=19	1 269 (988~1 882)	N=14	638 (513~887)	N=23	3 822 (2 393~5 497)	N=24	1 901 (1 652~2 302)	N=5
P /10^-6	161 (44~742)	N=19	293 (131~339)	N=14	451 (305~1 135)	N=23	343 (98~983)	N=24	528 (500~548)	N=5
Cu_EF	0.8 (0.2~1.8)	N=19	1.7 (0.1~6.5)	N=14	3.4 (1.4~12.7)	N=23	0.8 (0.1~2.6)	N=24	0.8 (0.7~0.9)	N=5
Zn_EF	1.1 (0.2~7.5)	N=19	0.9 (0.2~1.5)	N=14	10.7 (2.4~100.6)	N=23	1.2 (0.3~3.7)	N=24	1.2 (0.9~1.3)	N=5
Mo_EF	80 (7.7~332)	N=19	164 (38~264)	N=14	251 (112~859)	N=23	21 (2.6~42)	N=24	0.4 (0.3~0.7)	N=5
U_EF	17 (8.3~53)	N=19	18 (4.5~32)	N=14	22 (9.2~93)	N=23	5.0 (1.4~8.7)	N=24	1.1 (1.0~1.1)	N=5
C_org/P	1 299 (278~2 661)	N=19	622 (394~1 695)	N=14	304 (172~461)	N=23	289 (108~1 078)	N=24	5.6 (3.8~7.7)	N=5

Table 2

Fig.7

Fig.8

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元素	平均海水中浓度/(10^-9 mol·L^-1)	海水居留时间/ka	平均上地壳^[86] (UCC)中浓度/10^-6	澳大利亚后太古宙平均页岩^[87] (PAAS)中浓度/10^-6	世界平均页岩^[88-89] (WSA)中浓度/10^-6
Ba	109.00	10	550.0	650.0	650.0
Cd	0.62	50	0.1	0.1	0.3
Cr	4.04	8	83.0	110.0	90.0
Cu	2.36	5	25.0	50.0	45.0
Mo	105.00	800	1.5	1.0	1.3
Ni	8.18	6	44.0	55.0	68.0
U	13.40	400	2.8	3.1	3.0
V	39.30	50	107.0	150.0	130.0
Zn	5.35	50	71.0	85.0	95.0
Al			80 400.0	100 024.0	88 900.0

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Accumulation of sediments with extraordinary high organic matter content: Insight gained through geochemical characterization of indicative elements

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