基于变尺度岩相组合的陆相页岩源-储耦合机理探讨

doi:10.11743/ogg20240402

Abstract

Abstract:

China’s lacustrine shale sequences exhibit complex sedimentary genesis and lithofacies assemblages， and studies on their source rock-reservoir characteristics and coupling mechanisms remain limited. Guided by theories of petrology， sedimentology， and unconventional reservoir geology， we investigate the Jurassic shale intervals within the Sichuan Basin. An integration of experimental and testing techniques such as rock and mineral analyses， organic geochemistry， and shale reservoir characterization is applied to explore the source rock-reservoir coupling mechanisms in the lacustrine shale based on varying-scale lithofacies assemblages. As a result， a methodology that combines macroscopic observations with microscopic analyses to identify lithofacies and uses varying-scale analysis to determine lithofacies assemblages is put forward in the study. Using this， we identify three types of lithofacies assemblage in terms of sedimentary genesis： terrestrial mud-sand sedimentary type， endogenetic mud-lime sedimentary type， and mixed source mud-sand-lime sedimentary type. Our findings indicate that many lamellar to thin-layered calcite-shell or silt layers tend to occur in the shale intervals featuring large-scale lithofacies assemblages consisting of shale interbedded with shell limestone or siltstone， with varying-scale interlayers within the same lithofacies assemblage being of the same type. Meter-scale shell-limestone or siltstone layers within large-scale lithofacies assemblages display inferior reservoir physical properties， thus contributing minimally to hydrocarbon accumulation. In contrast， millimeter-scale laminae and centimeter-scale thinly-layered calcite shells within small-scale lithofacies assemblages feature well-developed intragranular pores filled with dark organic matter， providing effective storage spaces for hydrocarbons. The source rock-reservoir coupling models for the three types of lithofacies assemblages are established， revealing that the correlations between the source rock （total organic carbon， TOC） and reservoir （porosity） for these lithofacies assemblages show a gradual improvement from terrigenous to mixed and then to endogenetic assemblages. This finding is closely associated with their differences in maturity， organic macerals， and inorganic minerals. Additionally， we explore the factors affecting the formation of various lithofacies assemblages different in type and scale and analyze the necessity of understanding the source rock-reservoir characteristics and their coupling mechanisms of lacustrine shale oil and gas from the perspective of varying-scale lithofacies assemblage， aiming to develop a novel philosophy of research on the hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism of lacustrine shales.

Key words: lacustrine shale oil and gas, varying-scale lithofacies assemblage, shell limestone, source rock-reservoir coupling, shale reservoir, Jurassic, Sichuan Basin

CLC Number:

TE121.3

Zongquan HU, Zhongbao LIU, Qianwen LI, Zhoufan WU. Exploring source rock-reservoir coupling mechanisms in lacustrine shales based on varying-scale lithofacies assemblages： A case study of the Jurassic shale intervals in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2024, 45(4): 893-909.

Figures/Tables 11

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Table 1

Major lithofacies types and their characteristics of the Jurassic shale intervals in the Sichuan Basin"

岩相类型	TOC分级	发育特征及分布
黏土质页岩岩相	以中碳为主，其次为低碳、高碳，局部含碳、富碳	以泥质结构为主，少许粉砂碎屑星点分布。黏土矿物为隐晶状、显微鳞片状，部分呈拉长状，其长轴具定向分布。有机质呈斑点状、短细条状分散分布。主要发育于复兴地区东岳庙段，元坝及复兴地区大安寨段
纹层-薄层状介壳灰质页岩岩相	以中碳为主、其次为高碳	发育介壳纹层与薄层，镜下仍以泥质结构为主，隐晶状黏土矿物与有机质相混，岩心上可见介壳呈层状定向排列富集。主要发育于复兴地区东岳庙段，元坝、阆中及复兴地区大安寨段
（纹层状）粉砂质页岩岩相	以含碳、低碳为主，局部中碳、高碳	岩心上可见粉砂质纹层，镜下粉砂泥质结构，粉砂碎屑与隐晶状黏土矿物相混，粉砂碎屑以石英为主，次棱-次圆状，有机质呈斑点状、弯曲拉长状分散分布。主要发育于元坝地区东岳庙段、大安寨段与千佛崖组、复兴地区凉高山组
混合质页岩岩相	以低碳、中碳为主，局部高碳	发育泥质结构和粒屑结构，主要由隐晶状黏土矿物、介壳及粉砂碎屑组成，介壳由方解石颗粒组成，有重结晶现象。主要发育于复兴地区东岳庙段底部、复兴及元坝地区大安寨段局部层段
介壳灰岩岩相	低碳	发育粒屑结构和晶粒结构，主要由隐晶状黏土矿物、介壳组成，隐晶黏土矿物呈弯曲隙状、团粒状分布于粒间，多相混黑色有机质，介壳由纤柱状方解石组成，少许粒内具硅化作用。主要发育于复兴地区东岳庙段，复兴、阆中及元坝地区大安寨段
粉砂岩岩相	低碳	发育粉砂结构，主要由石英组成，含少许长石和岩屑。石英颗粒可见不规则溶蚀边；长石可见双晶，部分颗粒具碳酸盐化；粒间主要是隐晶质黏土矿物，分布不均匀。主要发育于元坝地区东岳庙段、复兴凉高山组及元坝千佛崖组

Table 1

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Fig.9

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Exploring source rock-reservoir coupling mechanisms in lacustrine shales based on varying-scale lithofacies assemblages： A case study of the Jurassic shale intervals in the Sichuan Basin

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