Oil & Gas Geology ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 15-25.doi: 10.11743/ogg20200102
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Anjiang Shen1,2(), Yana Chen1,3,*(), Jianyong Zhang1,3, Xinfeng Ni1,2, Jingao Zhou1,2, Xingning Wu1,2
Received:
2019-03-17
Online:
2020-02-01
Published:
2020-01-19
Contact:
Yana Chen
E-mail:shenaj_hz@petrochina.com.cn;chenyn_hz@petrochina.com.cn
Supported by:
CLC Number:
Anjiang Shen, Yana Chen, Jianyong Zhang, Xinfeng Ni, Jingao Zhou, Xingning Wu. Characteristics of intra-platform rift in ancient small-scalecratonic platform of China and its implications for hydrocarbon exploration[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(1): 15-25.
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Table 1
Types, scale, origin and geological characteristics of rifts"
构造 | 定义 | 规模和形态 | 成因机理 | 地质特征 |
大陆裂谷 | 以高角度断层为界呈长条带的地壳下降区,包括主动裂谷和被动裂谷 | 深数千至万米,宽数十至数百千米,长数百至数千千米 | 大陆裂解(地幔柱上拱、热点)、伸展或剪切作用 | 位于大陆板块内部,最终演化为大洋,基底为洋壳和过渡壳。具有双峰式火山岩+类磨拉石+复理石建造;经历地堑、洋盆、消减或碰撞3个演化阶段 |
拗拉谷 | 拉张环境下形成的狭长沉陷带,通常认为是三叉裂谷系夭折的一支 | 深数千至万米,宽数十至数百千米,长数百至千千米 | 夭折的三叉裂谷、裂谷扩张轴迁移、走滑断裂 | 位于板块边缘,基底为洋壳和过渡壳。具有双峰式火山岩+类磨拉石+复理石建造;经历地堑、凹陷、造山或褶皱回返3个演化阶段 |
台内裂陷 | 碳酸盐台地内由张性或剪切边界断裂、差异沉降作用形成的带状沉降区 | 深数百至千米,宽数十至百千米,长百至数百千米 | 断裂拉张或走滑拉分作用、裂谷或坳拉槽插入台地的部分 | 位于碳酸盐台地内,基底为陆壳。台盆/陆棚+浅海沉积碳酸盐岩和碎屑岩建造;经历裂陷、凹陷、填平补齐3个演化阶段 |
坳陷 | 地壳上不同成因的下降构造单元 | 无尺度大小和形态的限制 | 同生断裂、古地貌低 | 位于碳酸盐台地内,不规则状(等轴或长轴);基底为陆壳,浅海碳酸盐岩夹泥质岩;经历凹陷、填平补齐2个演化阶段 |
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