四川盆地及其周缘五峰组-龙马溪组页岩裂缝发育特征及其控储意义

doi:10.11743/ogg20210605

Abstract

Abstract:

An integration of core and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observation, FMI logging, and physical property analysis, is applied to discuss the types, characteristics and distribution of fractures and their effects on gas enrichment and preservation in the shale of Wufeng Formation-Longmaxi Formations in the Sichuan Basin and on it speriphery. The results show that: (1) the development of shale fractures results from a combination of factors including sedimentation, diagenesis, tectonic and pressure evolution. Low angle slip fractures and bedding-parallel fractures at low level of filling are conducive to reservoir porosity and permeability development. High angle fractures and horizontal interlayer fractures are usually fully filled, leading to low effectiveness as fluid pathways. The modification of low angle fractures on the layer-transecting capacity of high angle fractures is of great significance to the enrichment and preservation of shale gas. (2) The micro-fractures of shale are mainly non-structural. The upper organic-lean interval with high clay mineral content, is of low developmental degree of bedding-parallel and large-scale inter-layer micro-fractures; instead, the small-scale inter-clay particle micro-fractures are well-developed. In this case, the new hychaulic fracturing technologies of dense cluster spacing and high proppant concentration should be adopted to improve fracture network-controlled reserves. However, the bedding-parallel fractures, interlayer micro-fractures and rigid grain-edge fractures with weak mechanical properties are abundant in the lower siliceous shale interval; in addition, the coexistence of intensive low angle fractures and small-scale high angle fractures results in a favorable natural fracture network system. (3) The permeability of the bedding-parallel fractures and interlayer micro-fractures in shale intervals of shallow to middle burial depth, is significantly higher than that of the matrix, favorable for reservoir stimulation and seepage of shale gas. In contrast, permeability of fractures and matrix are both low and roughly equivalent for shale intervals of deep burial. Therefore, the reservoir seepage ability and hychaulic fracturing effect are essential factors for efficient development of deep shale gas.

Key words: productivity, physical property, preservation, fracture, shale gas, Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations, Sichuan Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.2

Ruyue Wang, Zongquan Hu, Tong Zhou, Hanyong Bao, Jing Wu, Wei Du, Jianhua He, Pengwei Wang, Qian Chen. Characteristics of fractures and their significance for reservoirs in Wufeng-Longmaxi shale, Sichuan Basin and its periphery[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2021, 42(6): 1295-1306.

Figures/Tables 10

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类型	亚类	主要成因
构造裂缝	剪切裂缝	局部或区域构造应力作用下，泥页岩剪切/张性破裂形成，常与褶皱或断层伴生，裂缝以中高角度为主
	张剪性裂缝	局部或区域构造应力作用下，泥页岩剪切/张性破裂形成，常与褶皱或断层伴生，裂缝以中高角度为主
	低角度滑脱裂缝	伸展或挤压构造作用下，沿层理或层间薄弱面滑动剪切形成
	高角度扭动性裂缝	压扭或张扭作用下，剪切裂缝沿缝面发生明显滑动位移形成
非构造裂缝	层理缝	沉积过程中沉积物成分、结构的差异使力学性质薄弱的剥离线理广泛发育，易于剥离
	层间缝	层间黄铁矿生长、页岩生排烃异常压力等作用下形成
	溶蚀缝	有机酸等地层流体对不稳定矿物溶蚀作用下形成
	成岩收缩缝	岩石干缩、脱水、矿物相变或热力收缩等作用下形成
	风化裂缝	风化、淋滤等作用下形成

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Characteristics of fractures and their significance for reservoirs in Wufeng-Longmaxi shale, Sichuan Basin and its periphery

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