基于笔石表皮体反射率和拉曼光谱评价海相页岩热成熟度的方法

doi:10.11743/ogg20220620

Abstract

Abstract:

The marine shale of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations is one of the main targets of the Lower Palaeozoic shale gas exploration in southern Sichuan Basin. The thermal maturity is a vital indicator for source rock and shale gas evaluation. Due to the lack of vitrinite， it has been difficult to establish a method to accurately evaluate the thermal maturity of Lower Palaeozoic marine shale. In total， 33 core samples were selected from the Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in southern Sichuan Basin to observe the optical characteristics of solid bitumen and graptolites and measure random reflectance. Simultaneously， Raman spectroscopic parameters of kerogen were also used to quantitatively analyze the change of thermal maturity. The results show that compared with solid bitumen， non-granular graptolites are more suitable for reflectance measuring because they have a single source， larger particle size and obvious characteristics， and the random reflectance （GR_or） values of non-granular graptolites on sections perpendicular to bedding are more concentrated. The characteristics of Raman spectroscopic parameters of kerogen show that the relationship between GR_or and the equivalent vitrinite reflectance （EqR_o） is not a single linear relationship in the whole process of thermal evolution. By using Raman spectroscopic parameters of kerogen as mediators， a method for calculating EqR_o by GR_or was established. The calculation results show that the maturity of Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in Changning， Luzhou-Dazu and Weiyuan areas decreases successively， their EqR_o falls in the range of 2.99 %-3.91 %， 2.87 %-3.54 % and 2.46 %-3.03 %， and the average EqR_o is 3.44 %， 3.22 % and 2.77 % respectively. There is an abnormally high maturity area in the western Changning that calls for evaluation of its impact on shale gas exploration.

Key words: solid bitumen, graptolite, Raman spectroscopy, thermal maturity, marine shale, Wufeng?Longmaxi Formations, Lower Palaeozoic, Sichuan Basin

CLC Number:

TE122.1

Jianghui Meng, Peixi Lyu, Wei Wu, Renfang Pan, Yiqing Zhu. A method for evaluating the thermal maturity of marine shale based on graptolite reflectance and Raman spectroscopy： A case from the Lower Palaeozoic Wufeng‒Longmaxi Formations， southern Sichuan Basin， SW China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(6): 1515-1528.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 1

Random reflectance and equivalent vitrinite reflectance for graptolites and solid bitumen in the Wufeng?Longmaxi Formations， southern Sichuan Basin"

样品编号	样品深度/m	层位	垂直层理切面						平行层理切面	EqR_o-1/%	RmcR_o/%	EqR_o/%
样品编号	样品深度/m	层位	GR_or/%	标准偏差SD/%	测点数 n/个	BR_o/%（Ⅰ型源内固体沥青）	标准偏差SD/%	测点数 n/个	GR_or/%	EqR_o-1/%	RmcR_o/%	EqR_o/%
Y101H4-4-30	4 131.55	S₁l^1（1）	3.52	0.41	18	3.03	0.38	29	—	3.56	3.53	3.50
Y101H4-4-44	4 140.22	S₁l^1（1）	3.58	0.29	21	2.91	0.28	15	5.49	3.63	3.56	3.52
Y101H4-4-52	4 144.14	S₁l^1（1）	3.64	0.36	22	2.88	0.29	12	—	3.69	3.53	3.54
Y101H4-4-68	4 150.60	O₃w	3.53	0.23	34	2.98	0.52	11	—	3.58	3.53	3.50
Y101H2-7-29	4 139.05	S₁l^1（1）	3.45	0.33	33	3.00	0.13	12	—	3.49	3.24	3.22
Y101H2-7-36	4 146.67	S₁l^1（1）	3.53	0.31	29	3.15	0.37	15	5.58	3.58	3.53	3.50
Z206-7	4 244.57	S₁l^1（1）	3.24	0.15	18	2.43	0.30	20	—	3.29	3.02	3.07
Z206-26	4 266.76	S₁l^1（1）	2.97	0.32	34	2.47	0.38	38	4.56	3.02	3.20	2.87
Z206-38	4 274.36	O₃w	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	—	3.22	—
L204-17	3 824.30	S₁l^1（1）	3.23	0.30	35	2.71	0.52	31	—	3.28	3.31	3.06
L204-34	3 842.21	S₁l^1（1）	3.50	0.25	16	2.70	0.26	15	5.49	3.55	3.55	3.27
L205-20	4 024.08	S₁l^1（1）	3.25	0.14	15	2.57	0.42	15	—	3.29	3.25	3.08
L205-26	4 034.44	O₃w	3.37	0.10	17	2.81	0.28	14	4.57	3.42	3.22	3.17
L207-30	3 448.05	S₁l^1（1）	3.11	0.06	3	2.31	0.47	32	—	3.15	2.91	2.97
L207-32	3 450.92	S₁l^1（1）	3.05	0.13	33	2.49	0.34	29	3.46	3.10	2.93	2.93
L207-36	3 457.41	O₃w	3.07	0.15	11	2.78	0.17	5	—	3.11	2.97	2.94
N213-14	2 575.28	S₁l^1（1）	3.14	0.23	35	2.48	0.55	3	5.50	3.18	3.26	2.99
N213-17	2 579.22	O₃w	3.32	0.27	29	2.83	0.49	18	—	3.36	3.31	3.13
N216-7	2 311.78	S₁l^1（1）	3.77	0.17	31	2.97	0.33	21	—	3.81	3.57	3.59
N216-10	2 320.68	S₁l^1（1）	3.80	0.13	24	2.65	0.43	11	4.97	3.84	3.56	3.60
W204H10-2-15	3 350.60	S₁l^1（1）	2.84	0.25	33	2.45	0.30	18	—	2.89	2.97	2.77
W204H10-2-23	3 355.30	S₁l^1（1）	2.86	0.15	30	2.53	0.29	31	—	2.91	2.84	2.78
H203-4	3 758.10	O₃w	3.17	0.22	9	—	—	—	—	3.22	3.21	3.02
W201-2	1 541.00	S₁l^1（1）	2.58	0.25	27	2.11	0.27	11	2.88	2.63	2.18	2.57
W201-3	1 548.80	O₃w	2.43	0.25	4	—	—	—	—	2.48	2.41	2.46
W202-1	2 561.50	S₁l^1（1）	3.18	0.22	35	2.40	0.35	11	—	3.23	3.15	3.03
W202-2	2 568.20	S₁l^1（1）	2.90	0.18	33	2.53	0.41	14	—	2.95	2.70	2.82
W213-1	3 745.34	S₁l^1（1）	3.02	0.22	35	2.32	0.44	26	—	3.07	2.86	2.90
W211-2	3 559.50	S₁l^1（1）	2.93	0.26	26	2.39	0.45	12	—	2.98	3.09	2.83
N222-1	4 301.60	S₁l^1（1）	4.65	0.59	24	3.56	0.49	8	—	4.69	3.88	3.91
N222-4	4 327.14	S₁l^1（1）	4.28	0.29	16	3.20	0.40	18	3.96	4.32	3.82	3.77
N215-1	2 502.95	S₁l^1（1）	3.27	0.36	31	2.75	0.36	19	—	3.32	3.38	3.09
R203-1	4 336.14	S₁l^1（1）	3.55	0.44	23	2.42	0.33	22	—	3.60	3.48	3.51

Table 1

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Table 2

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

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样品编号	GR_or/%	W_G/cm^-1	W_D/cm^-1	RBS/cm^-1	I_D/I_G	FWHM_D/cm^-1	FWHM_G/cm^-1
Y101H4-4-30	3.52	1 599.54	1 328.13	271.41	0.66	147.70	51.55
Y101H4-4-44	3.58	1 598.57	1 328.13	270.44	0.68	156.71	58.05
Y101H4-4-52	3.64	1 599.21	1 328.13	271.08	0.66	147.39	50.57
Y101H4-4-68	3.53	1 599.54	1 328.47	271.07	0.66	149.05	51.55
Y101H2-7-29	3.45	1 599.21	1 330.15	269.06	0.68	150.35	53.50
Y101H2-7-36	3.53	1 600.19	1 330.49	269.70	0.66	149.77	50.90
Z206-7	3.24	1 598.24	1 333.18	265.06	0.64	185.68	58.70
Z206-26	2.97	1 599.21	1 330.82	268.39	0.63	167.60	53.18
Z206-38	—	1 601.48	1 332.84	268.64	0.62	155.81	49.59
L204-17	3.23	1 598.89	1 328.47	270.42	0.69	149.35	53.82
L204-34	3.50	1 599.54	1 330.15	269.39	0.67	148.37	52.53
L205-20	3.25	1 602.45	1 333.18	269.28	0.60	160.88	48.61
L205-26	3.37	1 597.92	1 329.14	268.78	0.65	170.95	55.13
L207-30	3.11	1 598.57	1 335.53	263.03	0.60	193.35	59.35
L207-32	3.05	1 597.59	1 334.19	263.41	0.61	197.42	59.04
L207-36	3.07	1 597.92	1 333.85	264.07	0.61	193.00	59.68
N213-14	3.14	1 599.86	1 330.49	269.38	0.65	141.31	49.27
N213-17	3.32	1 598.89	1 328.47	270.42	0.71	146.37	52.53
N216-7	3.77	1 599.54	1 327.46	272.08	0.70	139.27	51.55
N216-10	3.80	1 601.81	1 331.50	270.31	0.69	150.74	50.89
W204H10-2-15	2.84	1 597.92	1 333.85	264.07	0.62	199.43	60.98
W204H10-2-23	2.86	1 597.59	1 335.87	261.73	0.63	200.11	64.89
H203-4	3.17	1 597.92	1 329.48	268.44	0.64	176.66	57.41
W201-2	2.58	1 595.97	1 346.62	249.36	0.61	—	75.31
W201-3	2.43	1 596.30	1 342.59	253.71	0.61	—	70.74
W202-1	3.18	1 600.51	1 333.18	267.33	0.63	206.09	60.82
W202-2	2.90	1 598.89	1 339.90	258.99	0.59	203.46	62.93
W213-1	3.02	1 598.24	1 336.21	262.04	0.63	196.70	60.98
W211-2	2.93	1 599.86	1 333.52	266.35	0.60	184.37	55.45
N222-1	4.65	1 598.89	1 337.89	261.01	0.96	100.83	55.77
N222-4	4.28	1 598.57	1 335.87	262.70	0.91	114.98	57.08
N215-1	3.27	1 601.48	1 329.81	271.67	0.65	143.34	48.62
R203-1	3.55	1 601.81	1 331.16	270.65	0.62	159.81	50.57

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A method for evaluating the thermal maturity of marine shale based on graptolite reflectance and Raman spectroscopy： A case from the Lower Palaeozoic Wufeng‒Longmaxi Formations， southern Sichuan Basin， SW China

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