中国盆地形成的三大活动构造历史阶段

doi:10.11743/ogg20050204

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中国大陆的组成复杂而不均一,是历史上多个小型陆块会聚形成的复合大陆,基底结构各异,形成时代先后不一。中国各盆地的形成和分布取决于中国大地构造环境及其成盆体制的变化。中国盆地的形成经历了古中国陆、古亚洲陆和新亚洲大陆形成3个阶段。在陆缘和陆内两大优势的成盆构造-热体制作用下,分别形成了古中国/古亚洲构造环境的古生代盆地,新亚洲构造环境下的中新生代盆地。其中,中新生代盆地发育在会聚缩合的大陆内部,历经了3次构造变格:第一变格期为晚三叠世—早白垩世、第二变格期为晚白垩世—始新世和渐新世、第三变格期为渐新世和新近纪—现今。中新生代的盆地叠加、改造了古生代盆地,形成了复杂的盆地结构。

关键词: 盆地, 中国, 构造阶段, 盆地世代

Abstract:

China's mainland, with complex and uneven components, is a composite continent, contributed by convergence of several small landmasses with different basement structures and different ages. Formation and distribution of basins in China have been controlled by tectonic settings and changes of basin-forming systems. Basins in China have been formed in 3 stages, including the formation of Paleo-China, Pal-Asia and Neo-Asia. Being affected by pericontinent-and intracontinent-dominant tectonic-thermal systems, Paleozoic basins have been formed in Paleo-China/Pal-Asia tectonic settings, and Meso-Cenozoic basins have been formed in Neo-Asia tectonic setting. The Meso-Cenozoic basins have been developed in the interior of converged and condensed continent, and have experienced 3 tectonic changes:the first one occurred during Late Triassic-Early Cretaceous, the second during Late Cretaceous-Eocene and Oligocene, and the third during Oligocene/Neogene through to the present. The Paleozoic basins have been superimposed and reformed by the Meso-Cenozoic basins, resulting in complex basin structures.

Key words: basin, China, tectonic stage, basin age

中图分类号:

TE111.2

徐旭辉, 高长林, 黄泽光, 范小林, 刘光祥, 周小进, 翟常博, 单翔麟, 吉让寿, 秦德余, 张渝昌. 中国盆地形成的三大活动构造历史阶段[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2005, 26(2): 155-162.

Xu Xuhui, Gao Changlin, Huang Zeguang, Fan Xiaolin, Liu Guangxiang, et al. Three stages of tectonic movements in formation of petroliferous basins in China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2005, 26(2): 155-162.

参考文献

[1] 朱夏. 论中国含油气盆地构造[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社, 1986. 1～74Zhu Xia.On structure of petroliferous basins,China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1986.1-74
[2] 任纪舜,王作勋,陈炳蔚,等.从全球看中国大地构造-中国及邻区大地构造图简要说明[M].北京:地质出版社,2000.1～74Ren Jishun,Wang Zuoxun,Chen Bingwei,et al. China tectonics in the light of global:a brief caption on tectonic map of China and adjacent areas[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 2000. 1-74
[3] 张渝昌.中国含油气盆地原型分析[M].南京:南京大学出版社,1997.1～450Zhang Yuchang. Prototype analysis of petroliferous basins in China[M].Nanjing:Nanjing University Press,1997.1-450
[4] 田在艺,张庆春.中国含油气盆地岩相古地理与油气[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.1～110Tian Zaiyi,Zhang Qingchun. Lithofacies paleogeography of petroliferous basins and oil & gas,China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.1-110
[5] 戴金星,王庭斌,宋岩,等.中国大中型天然气田形成条件与分布规律[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.1～300Dai Jinxing,Wang Tingbin,Song Yan,et al.Formation and distribution of medium-large-sized gas fields in China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1997. 1-300
[6] 王庭斌.中国天然气理论进展及勘探战略[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):1～7 Wang Tingbin. Theory progress of natural gas geology and strategy of gas exploration[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2002,23(1):1-7
[7] 肖序常,汤跃庆.古中亚复合巨型缝合带南缘构造演化[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1991.1～150Xiao Xuchang,Tang Yaoqing.Tectonic evolution of the southern margin of the Paleo-Asian composite megasuture[M].Beijing:Scientific and Technical Publishing House,1991.1-150
[8] 许志琴,侯立玮,王宗秀,等.中国松潘-甘孜造山带的造山过程[M].北京:地质出版社,1992.1～190Xu Zhiqin,Hou Liwei,Wang Zongxiu,et al.Orogenic processes of the Songpan-Garze orogenic belt of China[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1992. 1-190
[9] 张恺.中国大陆板块构造与含油气盆地评价[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1995.8～26Chang Kai. Continental plate tectonics and evaluation of the petroliferous basins,China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1995.8-26
[10] 朱夏.活动论构造历史观[J].石油实验地质,1991,13(3):201～209Zhu Xia.The opinion of active tectonic history[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment,1991,13(3):201-209
[11] 潘桂棠,陈智梁,李兴振,等.东特提斯地质构造形成演化[M].北京:地质出版社, 1997.65～128Pan Guitang,Chen Zhiliang,Li Xingzhen,et al. The tectonic evolution of the East Tethys[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1997. 65-128
[12] 车自成,刘良,罗金海.中国及其邻区区域大地构造学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.1～216Che Zhicheng,Liu Liang,Luo Jinhai. Tectonics in China and adjacent areas[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2001,1～216
[13] 黄汲清,陈炳蔚.中国及邻区特提斯海的演化[M].北京:地质出版社,1987.1～109Huang Jiqing,Chen Bingwei.The evolution of the Tethys in China and adjacent regions[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1987.1-109
[14] 钟大赉.滇川西部古特提斯造山带[M].北京:科学出版社,1998.1～54Zhong Dalai.The western Yunnan-Sichuan paleotethys orogenic belt[M]. Beijing:Science Press,1998.1-54
[15] 张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚,等.秦岭造山带与大陆动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.1～854Zhang Guowei,Zhang Benren,Yuan Xuecheng,et al.Qinling orogenic belt and continental dynamics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.1-854
[16] 谢鸣谦.拼贴板块构造及其驱动机理[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.1～256Xie Minqian.Pasted plate tectonics and the dynamics[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.1-256
[17] 贾承造,杨树锋,陈汉林,等.特提斯北缘盆地群构造地质与天然气[M]. 北京:石油工业出版社,2001.1～161Jia Chengzao,Yang Shufeng,Chen Hanlin,et al.Structural geology and gas of the basins,Northern Tethys[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2001.1-161
[18] 赵政璋,李永铁,叶和飞,等.青藏高原大地构造特征及盆地演化[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.1～439Zhao Zhengzhang,Li Yongtie,Ye Hefei,et al. Geotectonic characteristics and basin evolution, Qinghai-Tibet Plateau[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.1-439
[19] 贺自爱.假说-不应误解的一种研究方式[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,19(2):169～172He Ziai.A hypothesis:scientific method in researches[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 1998,19(2):169-172
[20] 何治亮,朱虹.石油勘探工作的系统观[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,19(4):356～360He Zhiliang, Zhu Hong. The systematology of petroleum exploration[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 1998,19(4):356-360
[21] 江博明.太古代岩石的定年-方法学和局限性的讨论[J].地球化学,1989,(2):103～120Jahn Bor-ming. Dating of Archean rocks:a discussion of methodology and limitations[J]. Geochimica,1989, (2):103-120
[22] 卢衍豪.中国奥陶纪的生物地层和古动物地理[A].见:中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所.中国科学院南京地质古生物研究所刊(7)[C].北京:地质出版社,1976.52～76Lu Yanhao. Ordovician biostratigraphy and palaeo-faunal geography of China [A]. In:Nanjing Research Institute of Geology and Paleontology,Chinese Academy of Sciences.Tectonopalaeogeography and Palaeobiogeography of China and Adjacent Regions(7) [C]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House, 1976. 52-76
[23] 王鸿祯,杨森楠,刘本培,等.中国及邻区大地构造划分和构造发展阶段[A].见:王鸿祯.中国及邻区构造古地理和生物古地理[C].武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1990.3～34Wang Hongzhen,Yang Sennan,Liu Benpei et al.Geotectonic units and tectonic development of China and adjacent regions[A].In:Wang Hongzhen.Tectonopalaeogeography and palaeobiogeography of China and adjacent regions[C].Wuhan:China University of Geosciences Press,1990. 3～34
[24] 张旗,周国庆.中国蛇绿岩[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.1～182Zhang Qi,Zhou Guoqing.Ophiolites of China[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.1-182
[25] 许效松,徐强,潘桂棠,等.中国南大陆演化与全球古地理对比[M].北京:地质出版社,1996. 1～161Xu Xiaosong,Xu Qiang,Pan Guitang,et al.Paleogeography of the South China continent(SCC) and its contrast with Pangea[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1996. 1-161
[26] 吉让寿,秦德余,高长林,等.东秦岭造山带与盆地[M].西安:西安地图出版社,1997.1～197Ji Rangshou,Qin Deyu,Gao Changlin,et al.Orogenic belts and basins in the eastern Qinling Mountains[M].Xi'an:Cartographic Publishing House,1997. 1-197
[27] Molnar P, Tapponnier P, Cenozoic tectonics of Asia:effects of continental collision [J]. Science,1975,189:419-425
[28] 朱夏,陈焕疆,孙肇才,等.中国中新生代构造与含油气盆地[J].地质学报,1983,57(3):235～242Zhu Xia,Chen Huanjiang,Sun Zhaocai,et al.The Mesozoic-Cenozoic tectonics and petroliferous basins,China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,1983,57(3):235-242
[29] 吴世祥,汪泽成,张林,等.川西前陆盆地勘探思路分析[J].石油与天然气地质,2001, 22(3):210～216Wu Shixiang, Wang Zecheng, Zhang Lin,et al. Exploration strategy for the foreland basin in western Sichuan[J], Oil & Gas Geology, 2001,22(3):210～216
[30] 刘池洋.后期改造强烈-中国沉积盆地的重要特点之一[J]. 石油与天然气地质,1996,17(4):255～26Liu Chiyang. Strong late-reformation:one of the important characteristics of sedimentary basins in China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 1996,17(4):255-26
[31] 刘志宏,卢华复,贾承造,等.库车再生前陆盆地的构造与油气[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):297～303Liu Zhihong,Lu Huafu,Jia Chengzao,et al. Structures and hydrocarbon accumulation in Kuqa rejuvenated foreland basin [J]. Oil & Gas Geology,2001, 22(4):297-303
[32] 杨明慧,刘池洋.中国中西部类前陆盆地特征及含油气性[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):46～49Yang Minghui, Liu Chiyang. Characters of quasi-foreland basins in Western-central China and their oil and gas potential[J]. Oil & Gas Geology,2000,21(1):46-49
[33] 刘池洋,赵红格,杨兴科,等.前陆盆地及其确定和研究[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2002,23(4):307～313Liu Chiyang,Zhao Hongge,Yang Xingke,et al.Foreland basin and its definition and research[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2002,23(4):307-313
[34] Hilda T W,Uyeda C,Kroewke L.Evolution of the western Pacific and its margin [J].Tectonophysics,1977,38(1-2):145-165
[35] 贾承造,何登发,陆洁民. 中国喜马拉雅运动的期次及其动力学背景[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2004,25(2):121～125Jia Chengzao,He Dengfa, Lu Jiemin. Episodes and geodynamic setting of Himalayan movement in China[J].Oil & Gas Geology,2004,25(2):121-125