石油与天然气地质 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (3): 696-709.doi: 10.11743/ogg20240309
蒲秀刚(), 董姜畅(
), 柴公权, 宋舜尧, 时战楠, 韩文中, 张伟, 解德录
收稿日期:
2023-10-30
修回日期:
2024-05-10
出版日期:
2024-07-01
发布日期:
2024-07-01
通讯作者:
董姜畅
E-mail:puxgang@petrochina.com.cn;dongjiangchuang@petrochina.com.cn
第一作者简介:
蒲秀刚(1968—),男,博士、教授级高级工程师,沉积储层、油气成藏、页岩油勘探开发。E-mail:puxgang@petrochina.com.cn。
基金项目:
Xiugang PU(), Jiangchang DONG(
), Gongquan CHAI, Shunyao SONG, Zhannan SHI, Wenzhong HAN, Wei ZHANG, Delu XIE
Received:
2023-10-30
Revised:
2024-05-10
Online:
2024-07-01
Published:
2024-07-01
Contact:
Jiangchang DONG
E-mail:puxgang@petrochina.com.cn;dongjiangchuang@petrochina.com.cn
摘要:
渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷古近系孔店组二段(孔二段)页岩有机质丰度高,具有良好的页岩油勘探潜力,但由于缺乏精细的地球化学研究,有机质富集机理尚不清晰。通过开展全岩X射线衍射、全岩光片显微组分、岩石热解、总有机碳含量(TOC)、饱和烃色谱-质谱、单体烃碳同位素、主量元素与微量元素分析测试,研究了沧东凹陷孔二段页岩有机质富集的影响因素与模式。研究结果表明:孔二段页岩有机质富集受陆源碎屑输入、古生产力、古气候、古水深和古盐度多种因素影响,这些影响因素通过控制湖盆中菌藻类生物的生长、发育,在五级层序T-R旋回转换期形成高丰度有机质富集段。陆源碎屑输入为湖盆带来的丰富营养物质提高了湖盆生产力;古气候、古水深与古盐度主导了湖盆中水生/陆源有机质贡献比例的变化;细菌活动对有机质的改造提高了页岩H/C原子量比与“腐泥化”程度。以C3开发层系T-R旋回转换期为主的⑧号小层页岩形成于温湿气候、低盐度和水体较深的沉积古环境, TOC平均为2.7 %,游离烃含量(S1)为3.7 mg/g,可动油指数(OSI)为215 mg/g,有机质丰度高、有机质类型较好,是页岩油有利靶窗。
中图分类号:
图7
沧东凹陷G108-8井孔二段页岩TOC与陆源碎屑输入(a)、氧化还原条件(b)、盐度(c)、古气候(d)、古水深(e)相关性及长英质矿物含量与Zn元素含量关系(f)a.埋深3 019 ~ 3 300 m,陆源碎屑输入参数Ti/Al和TOC关系;b.埋深3 019 ~ 3 300 m,氧化还原参数V/(V+Ni)和TOC关系;c.埋深3 019 ~ 3 300 m,古盐度参数Sr/Ba和TOC关系;d.埋深3 019 ~ 3 300 m,古气候参数Sr/Cu和TOC关系;e.埋深3 019 ~ 3 300 m,古水深参数Zr/Al和TOC关系;f.埋深3 019 ~ 3 300 m,长英质矿物含量和Zn元素含量关系"
1 | 张瑞, 金之钧, 朱如凯, 等. 中国陆相富有机质页岩沉积速率研究及其页岩油勘探意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(4): 829-845. |
ZHANG Rui, JIN Zhijun, ZHU Rukai, et al. Investigation of deposition rate of terrestrial organic-rich shales in China and its implications for shale oil exploration[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(4): 829-845. | |
2 | 白斌, 戴朝成, 侯秀林, 等. 松辽盆地白垩系青山口组页岩层系非均质地质特征与页岩油甜点评价[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(4): 846-856. |
BAI Bin, DAI Chaocheng, HOU Xiulin, et al. Geological heterogeneity of shale sequence and evaluation of shale oil sweet spots in the Qingshankou Formation, Songliao Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(4): 846-856. | |
3 | 郭旭升, 马晓潇, 黎茂稳, 等. 陆相页岩油富集机理探讨[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(6): 1333-1349. |
GUO Xusheng, MA Xiaoxiao, LI Maowen, et al. Mechanisms for lacustrine shale oil enrichment in Chinese sedimentary basins[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(6): 1333-1349. | |
4 | 孙龙德, 王小军, 冯子辉, 等. 松辽盆地古龙页岩纳米孔缝形成机制与页岩油富集特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(6): 1350-1365. |
SUN Longde, WANG Xiaojun, FENG Zihui, et al. Formation mechanisms of nano-scale pores/fissures and shale oil enrichment characteristics for Gulong shale, Songliao Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(6): 1350-1365. | |
5 | 米立军, 徐建永, 李威. 渤海海域页岩油资源潜力[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(6): 1366-1377. |
MI Lijun, XU Jianyong, LI Wei. Shale oil resource potential in the Bohai Sea area[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(6): 1366-1377. | |
6 | 赵贤正, 蒲秀刚, 金凤鸣, 等. 黄骅坳陷页岩型页岩油富集规律及勘探有利区[J]. 石油学报, 2023, 44(1): 158-175. |
ZHAO Xianzheng, PU Xiugang, JIN Fengming, et al. Enrichment law and favorable exploration area of shale-type shale oil in Huanghua Depression[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2023, 44(1): 158-175. | |
7 | 邓远, 陈世悦, 蒲秀刚, 等. 渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔店组二段细粒沉积岩形成机理与环境演化[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(4): 811-823, 890. |
DENG Yuan, CHEN Shiyue, PU Xiugang, et al. Formation mechanism and environmental evolution of fine-grained sedimentary rocks from the second member of Kongdian Formation in the Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(4): 811-823, 890. | |
8 | HARRIS N B, FREEMAN K H, PANCOST R D, et al. The character and origin of lacustrine source rocks in the Lower Cretaceous synrift section, Congo Basin, west Africa[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2004, 88(8): 1163-1184. |
9 | 赵贤正, 周立宏, 蒲秀刚, 等. 陆相湖盆页岩层系基本地质特征与页岩油勘探突破——以渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷古近系孔店组二段一亚段为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(3): 361-372. |
ZHAO Xianzheng, ZHOU Lihong, PU Xiugang, et al. Geological characteristics of shale rock system and shale oil exploration in a lacustrine basin: A case study from the Paleogene 1st sub-member of Kong 2 Member in Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(3): 361-372. | |
10 | 赵贤正, 周立宏, 蒲秀刚, 等. 断陷湖盆湖相页岩油形成有利条件及富集特征——以渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔店组二段为例[J]. 石油学报, 2019, 40(9): 1013-1029. |
ZHAO Xianzheng, ZHOU Lihong, PU Xiugang, et al. Favorable formation conditions and enrichment characteristics of lacustrine facies shale oil in faulted lake basin: A case study of Member 2 of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2019, 40(9): 1013-1029. | |
11 | 赵贤正, 蒲秀刚, 鄢继华, 等. 渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔二段细粒沉积旋回及其对有机质分布的影响[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2023, 50(3): 468-480. |
ZHAO Xianzheng, PU Xiugang, YAN Jihua, et al. Cycles of fine-grained sedimentation and their influences on organic matter distribution in the second member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, East China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2023, 50(3): 468-480. | |
12 | 方正, 蒲秀刚, 陈世悦, 等. 沧东凹陷孔二段页岩有机质富集特征研究[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2021, 50(2): 304-317. |
FANG Zheng, PU Xiugang, CHEN Shiyue, et al. Investigation of enrichment characteristics of organic matter in shale of the 2nd member of Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2021, 50(2): 304-317. | |
13 | 陈践发, 许锦, 王杰, 等. 塔里木盆地西北缘玉尔吐斯组黑色岩系沉积环境演化及其对有机质富集的控制作用[J]. 地学前缘, 2023, 30(6): 150-161. |
CHEN Jianfa, XU Jin, WANG Jie, et al. Paleo-environmental variation and its control on organic enrichment in the black rock series, Cambrian Yuertusi Formation in northwestern Tarim Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2023, 30(6): 150-161. | |
14 | 连梦利, 刘达东, 林瑞钦, 等. 黔北地区五峰组—龙马溪组页岩沉积环境及有机质富集机理[J]. 中南大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 53(9): 3756-3772. |
LIAN Mengli, LIU Dadong, LIN Ruiqin, et al. Sedimentary environment and organic matter enrichment mechanism of Wufeng—Longmaxi shale in the northern Guizhou area[J]. Journal of Central South University(Science and Technology), 2022, 53(9): 3756-3772. | |
15 | 王波, 吴志雄, 周飞, 等. 柴达木盆地西北区新近系咸化湖盆生烃母质类型与有机质富集机理[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2023, 34(3): 496-509. |
WANG Bo, WU Zhixiong, ZHOU Fei, et al. The types of hydrocarbon source rocks and the mechanism of organic matter enrichment in the saline lacustrine basin of the Neogene in the northwestern of Qaidam Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2023, 34(3): 496-509. | |
16 | 张天舒, 朱如凯, 蔡毅, 等. 松辽盆地古龙凹陷白垩系青山口组页岩层序等时格架下的有机质分布规律[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2023, 44(4): 869-886. |
ZHANG Tianshu, ZHU Rukai, CAI Yi, et al. Distribution of organic matter in the Qingshankou Formation Shale, Gulong Sag, Songliao Basin observed within an isochronous sequence stratigraphic framework[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2023, 44(4): 869-886. | |
17 | XIN Bixiao, HAO Fang, HAN Wenzhong, et al. Paleoenvironment evolution of the lacustrine organic-rich shales in the second member of Kongdian Formation of Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin, China: Implications for organic matter accumulation[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2021, 133: 105244. |
18 | 李三忠, 索艳慧, 周立宏, 等. 华北克拉通内部的拉分盆地: 渤海湾盆地黄骅坳陷结构构造与演化[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2011, 41(5): 1362-1379. |
LI Sanzhong, SUO Yanhui, ZHOU Lihong, et al. Pull-apart basins within the north China Craton: Structural pattern and evolution of Huanghua Depression in Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2011, 41(5): 1362-1379. | |
19 | 任建业, 廖前进, 卢刚臣, 等. 黄骅坳陷构造变形格局与演化过程分析[J]. 大地构造与成矿学, 2010, 34(4): 461-472. |
REN Jianye, LIAO Qianjin, LU Gangchen, et al. Deformation framework and evolution of the Huanghua Depression, Bohai gulf[J]. Geotectonica et Metallogenia, 2010, 34(4): 461-472. | |
20 | 蒲秀刚, 周立宏, 韩文中, 等. 细粒相沉积地质特征与致密油勘探——以渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔店组二段为例[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2016, 43(1): 24-33. |
PU Xiugang, ZHOU Lihong, HAN Wenzhong, et al. Geologic features of fine-grained facies sedimentation and tight oil exploration: A case from the second member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation of Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2016, 43(1): 24-33. | |
21 | 蒲秀刚, 韩文中, 周立宏, 等. 黄骅坳陷沧东凹陷孔二段高位体系域细粒相区岩性特征及地质意义[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2015, 20(5): 30-40. |
PU Xiugang, HAN Wenzhong, ZHOU Lihong, et al. Lithologic characteristics and geological implication of fine-grained sedimentation in Ek2 high stand system tract of Cangdong Sag, Huanghua Depression[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2015, 20(5): 30-40. | |
22 | 韩文中, 赵贤正, 金凤鸣, 等. 渤海湾盆地沧东凹陷孔二段湖相页岩油甜点评价与勘探实践[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021, 48(4): 777-786. |
HAN Wenzhong, ZHAO Xianzheng, JIN Fengming, et al. Sweet spots evaluation and exploration of lacustrine shale oil of the second member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation in Cangdong Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021, 48(4): 777-786. | |
23 | 国家能源局. 全岩光片显微组分鉴定及统计方法: [S]. 北京: 石油工业出版社, 2015. |
National Energy Administration. Maceral identification and statistical methods on polished surfaces of whole rocks: [S]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 2015. | |
24 | 李贤庆, 熊波, 黄光辉, 等. 低熟源岩中矿物沥青基质的特征与成因[J]. 江汉石油学院学报, 1997, 19(2): 29-35. |
LI Xianqing, XIONG Bo, HUANG Guanghui, et al. Characteristics and origins of mineral-bituminous groundmass in immature and low matural source rocks[J]. Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute, 1997, 19(2): 29-35. | |
25 | 王铁冠, 钟宁宁, 侯读杰, 等. 细菌在板桥凹陷生烃机制中的作用[J]. 中国科学:化学, 1995, 25(8): 882-889, 898. |
WANG Tieguan, ZHONG Ningning, HOU Dujie, et al. The role of bacteria in the hydrocarbon generation mechanism of Banqiao Depression[J]. Scientia Sinica(Chimica), 1995, 25(8): 882-889, 898. | |
26 | 汪素风, 陈云, 伊海生, 等. 西藏尼玛盆地古近纪湖相油页岩正构烷烃特征及其古环境与古气候意义[J]. 沉积与特提斯地质, 2023, 43(3): 542-554. |
WANG Sufeng, CHEN Yun, YI Haisheng, et al. The characteristics of n-alkanes from the Palaeogene lacustrine oil shale in the Kanggale area, Nyima Basin, and their paleoenvironment and Paleoclimate significance[J]. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 2023, 43(3): 542-554. | |
27 | CRANWELL P A, EGLINTON G, ROBINSON N. Lipids of aquatic organisms as potential contributors to lacustrine sediments—Ⅱ[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1987, 11(6): 513-527. |
28 | 李志强, 杨波, 王军, 等. 南黄海盆地中-新生界湖相烃源岩地球化学特征及生烃史[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2022, 43(2): 419-431. |
LI Zhiqiang, YANG Bo, WANG Jun, et al. Geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation history of Mesozoic-Cenozoic lacustrine source rocks in the South Yellow Sea Basin, offshore eastern China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2022, 43(2): 419-431. | |
29 | 刘舵, 谢春勤, 陈治军, 等. 正构烷烃分布在确定烃源岩生源构成中的有效性[J]. 断块油气田, 2019, 26(1): 42-47. |
LIU Duo, XIE Chunqin, CHEN Zhijun, et al. Effectiveness of n-alkanes distribution on determining parent material composition of hydrocarbon source rock[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2019, 26(1): 42-47. | |
30 | VOLKMAN J K, ALEXANDER R, KAGI R I, et al. Biodegradation of aromatic hydrocarbons in crude oils from the Barrow Sub-basin of Western Australia[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1984, 6: 619-632. |
31 | MOLDOWAN J M, SEIFERT W K, GALLEGOS E J. Relationship between petroleum composition and depositional environment of petroleum source rocks[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1985, 69(8): 1255-1268. |
32 | FILDANI A, HANSON A D, CHEN Zhengzheng, et al. Geochemical characteristics of oil and source rocks and implications for petroleum systems, Talara Basin, northwest Peru[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2005, 89(11): 1519-1545. |
33 | FU Jiamo, SHENG Guoying, PENG Pingan, et al. Pecuilarities of salt lake sediments as potential source rocks in china[J].Organic Geochemistry, 1986, 10(1-3): 119-126. |
34 | PETERS K E, WALTERS C C, MOLDOWAN J M. The biomarker guide[M]. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004. |
35 | ROHRSSEN M, LOVE G D, FISCHER W, et al. Lipid biomarkers record fundamental changes in the microbial community structure of tropical seas during the Late Ordovician Hirnantian glaciation[J]. Geology, 2013, 41(2): 127-130. |
36 | SHI Jiyang, MACKENZIE A S, ALEXANDER R, et al. A biological marker investigation of petroleums and shales from the Shengli Oilfield, the People’s Republic of China[J]. Chemical Geology, 1982, 35(1/2): 1-31. |
37 | VOLKMAN J K. A review of sterol markers for marine and terrigenous organic matter[J]. Organic Geochemistry, 1986, 9(2): 83-99. |
38 | HUANG W Y, MEINSCHEIN W G. Sterols as ecological indicators[J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 1979, 43(5): 739-745. |
39 | BROCKS J J, JARRETT A J M, SIRANTOINE E, et al. The rise of algae in Cryogenian oceans and the emergence of animals[J]. Nature, 2017, 548(7669): 578-581. |
40 | 夏刘文, 曹剑, 边立曾, 等. 准噶尔盆地玛湖大油区二叠纪碱湖生物-环境协同演化及油源差异性[J]. 中国科学(地球科学), 2022, 52(4): 732-746. |
XIA Liuwen, CAO Jian, BIAN Lizeng, et al. Co-evolution of paleo-environment and bio-precursors in a Permian alkaline lake, Mahu mega-oil province, Junggar Basin: Implications for oil sources[J]. Science China Earth Sciences, 2022, 52(4): 732-746. | |
41 | 段毅, 吴保祥, 郑国东, 等. 沉积物的单体异构和环烷烃碳同位素研究[J]. 科学通报, 2004, 49(2): 199-202. |
DUAN Yi, WU Baoxiang, ZHENG Guodong, et al. Monomer isomerization of sediments and carbon isotopes of cycloalkanes[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2004, 49(2): 199-202. | |
42 | FREEMAN K H, WAKEHAM S G, HAYES J M. Predictive isotopic biogeochemistry: Hydrocarbons from anoxic marine basins[J]. |