中国海相油气勘探前景、主要问题与对策

doi:10.11743/ogg20060602

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

塔河、普光大油气田的发现表明中国海相层系油气资源潜力大,是重要的油气资源战略接替领域。但是,中国海相层系形成时间早,演化历史长;盆地多阶段演化形成了多套烃源岩、导致了多期成藏和后期的多次调整,油气分布规律复杂,勘探风险大。因此,要取得海相层系油气勘探的新突破,发现更多、更大的油气田,必须坚持勘探和持续投入,坚持理论创新与技术进步,针对海相层系面临的主要问题,发展我国的海相油气成藏理论技术,围绕“多期构造活动背景下海相碳酸盐岩层系油气聚散机理与富集规律”核心科学问题,突出构造演化这一条线,把握三个重点-烃源岩、储层、保存有效性研究重点,强化三个结合-理论创新与勘探实践结合、区域评价与目标评价结合、地质研究与工程技术结合,定能在海相层系发现更多的大油气田。

关键词: 海相油气勘探, 油气聚散机理, 富集规律, 保存有效性

Abstract:

The discovery of giant oil/gas fields,Tahe and Puguang,shows that China's marine sequences have great hydrocarbon potentials and can be a very important option of strategic energy replacement in China.However,due to an early formation and long evolution history,the marine sequences in China had gone through a multistage evolution,during which several sets of source rocks had formed with several episodes of reservoiring and adjustment.As a result,the distribution of oil and gas in the strata is so complicated that the exploration is full of risk and uncertainty.Therefore,new exploration breakthroughs and discovery of more and larger oil/gas fields in marine sequences require:insisting on exploration and continuous investment;adhering to theoretical innovation and technologic advancement;developing the hydrocarbon reservoiring theory and exploration technology of China's marine sequences to solve the key issues concerning exploration of marine sequences,centering on the scientific topic of 'hydrocarbon accumulation and dissipation mechanisms and enrichment pattern in marine carbonates in a multistage tectonic setting;highlighting the study of structural evolution;focusing on the research of source rocks,reservoirs,and sealing effectiveness;and emphasizing on three combinations,i.e.the combination of theoretical innovation with exploration practices,regional evaluation with target assessment,and geological study with engineering techniques.Only by doing all that can we found more large oil/gas fields in the marine sequences.

Key words: marine oil and gas exploration, oil and gas accumulation and dissipation, enrichment pattern, sealing effectiveness

中图分类号:

TE111.2

金之钧,蔡立国. 中国海相油气勘探前景、主要问题与对策[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2006, 27(6): 722-730. doi: 10.11743/ogg20060602 Jin Zhijun,Cai Liguo. Exploration propects,problems and strategies of marine oil and gas in China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2006, 27(6): 722-730. doi: 10.11743/ogg20060602

参考文献

[1] 马永生,郭彤楼,郭旭升.中国石化南方新区油气勘探进展与攻关发现[A].见:中国石油地质年会学术委员会编.中国石油地质年会论文集2004[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.376～380 Ma Yongsheng,Guo Tonglou,Guo Xusheng.Advancement and experiences of hydrocarbon exploration in SINOPEC's new areas in southern China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2005.376-380
[2] 康玉柱.中国塔里木盆地塔河大油田～纪念沙参2井油气重大突破20周年[M].新疆:新疆科学技术出版社,2004.1～5 Kang Yuzhu.Tahe oilfield in Tarim basin,China:in memorial of the twentieth anniversary of major breakthrough in Well Sasheng-2[M].Xinjiang:Xinjiang Science and Technology Press,2004.1-5
[3] 翟晓先,云露,俞仁连.塔里木盆地塔河油田石油地质特征与勘探经验[A].见:中国石油地质年会学术委员会编.中国石油地质年会论文集2004[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.210～220 Zhai Xiaoxian,Yun Lu,Yu Renlian.Geological features of and exploration experiences in Tarim oilfield,Tarim basin[A].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2005.210-220
[4] 赵贤正,李景明,李东旭,等.中国天然气勘探快速发展的十年[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2002.49～72 Zhao Xianzheng,Li Jingming,Li Dongxu,et al.Ten years of rapid development of natural gas exploration in China[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2002.49-72
[5] 赵正章,赵贤正,何海清.中国石油近五年来油气勘探新进展及未来勘探的潜力和方向[A].见:中国石油地质年会学术委员会编.中国石油地质年会论文集2004[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.53～60 Zhao Zhengzhang,Zhao Xianzheng,He Haiqing.China's hydrocarbon exploration in the past five years and potential and direction of its future exploration[A].In:Academic committee of China petroleum and geology annual meeting,ed.Symposium of China petroleum and geology annual meeting in 2004[C].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2005.53-60
[6] 蔡希源,侯洪斌,何治亮,中国西部新区油气富集规律及勘探方向[A].见:中国石油地质年会学术委员会编.中国石油地质年会论文集2004[C].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.151～158 Cai Xiyuan,Hou Hongbing,He Zhiliang.Hydrocarbon accumulation pattern and exploration direction in the new areas of western China[A].In:Academic committee of China petroleum and geology annual meeting,ed.Symposium of China petroleum and geology annual meeting in 2004[C].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2005.151-158
[7] 康玉柱.塔里木盆地大气田形成的地质条件[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(1):21～25 Kang Yuzhu.Geological condition for forming big gasfields in Tarim basin[J].Oil & Gas geology,2001,22(1):21-25
[8] 张抗.塔河油田的发现及其地质意义[J].石油与天然气地质,1999,20(2):120～124 Zhang Kang.The discovery of Tahe oilfield and its geologic implication[J].Oil & Gas geology,1999,20(2):120-124
[9] 云露,肖志高,徐明军.浅谈塔里木盆地台盆区天然气勘探前景[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(4):428～432 Yun Lu,Xiao Zhigao,Xu Mingjun.A brief talk on gas exploration potential in the platform-basin region,Tarim basin[J].Oil & Gas geology,2004,25(4):428-432
[10] 钱基.关于油气资源潜力的几个问题[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(4):363～369 Qian Ji.Some issues on China,s petroleum resource potential[J].Oil & Gas geology,2004,25(4):363-369
[11] 王庭斌.中国天然气地质理论进展与勘探战略[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):1～7 Wang Tingbin.Theory progress of natural gas geology and strategy of gas exploration[J].Oil & Gas geology,2002,23(1):1-7
[12] 贾庆素,周庆凡.塔北地区含油气系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):103～105 Jia Qingsu,Zhou Qingfan.Petroleum systems in north Tarim[J].Oil & Gas geology,2002,23(1):103-105
[13] 赵重远,周立发.成盆期后改造与中国含油气盆地地质特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):7～10 Zhao Zhangyuan,Zhou Lifa.Post-reformation and geological features of China,s petroliferous basins[J].Oil & Gas geology,2000,21(1):7-10
[14] 戴少武,贺自爱,王津义.中国南方中、古生界油气勘探的思路[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(3):195～202 Dai Shaowu,He Ziai,Wang Jinyi.Thinking of Meso-Paleozoic hydrocarbon exploration in south China[J].Oil & Gas geology,2001,22(3):195-202
[15] 贾承造,何登发,陆清民.中国喜马拉雅运动的期次及其动力学背景[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(2):121～125 Jia Changzao,He Dengfa,Lu Jiemin.Episodes and geodynamic setting of Himalayan movement in China[J].Oil & Gas geology,2004,25(2):121-125
[16] 孙东胜,金之钧,吕修祥,等.沉积盆地超压体系划分及其与油气聚集关系[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(1):14～20 Sun Dongsheng,Jin Zhijun,Lu Xiuxiang,et al.Classification of overpressure systems in sedimentary basins and their relationship with hydrocarbon migration and accumulation[J].Oil & Gas geology,2004,25(1):14-20
[17] 张一伟,李京昌,金之钧,等.原型盆地剥蚀量计算的新方法-波动分析法[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(1):7～10 Zhang Yiwei,Li Jingchang,Jin Zhijun,et al.A new calculating method of denuded amount for prototype basin-wave analysics[J].Oil & Gas geology,2000,21(1):7-10
[18] 金之钧,吕修祥.塔西南前陆盆地油气资源与勘探对策[J].石油与天然气地质,2000,21(2):110～113 Jin Zhijun,Lu Xiuxiang.Hydrocarbon resources and exploration strategy of foreland basins in southwest Tarim basin[J].Oil &Gas geology,2000,21(2):110-113
[19] 何登发,马永生,杨明亮.油气保存单元的概念与评价原理[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(1):14～20 He Dengfa,Ma Yongsheng,Yang Minghu.Concept and appraisal principles of hydrocarbon preservation unit[J].Oil & Gas geology,2004,25(1):14-20
[20] 陈世加,马力宇,付晓文,等.塔里木盆地海相腐泥型天然气的成因判识[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(2):100～101 Chen Shijia,Ma Liyu,Fu Xiaowen,et al.Genetic discrimination of marine sapropelic type gas in Tarim basin[J].Oil & Gas geology,2001,22(2):100-101
[21] 林清,林壬子,王培荣,等.塔中北斜坡西部原油类型及主力油源层[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(2):150～153 Lin Qing,Lin Renzi,Wang Peirong,et al.Crude types and main source rocks in west part of north Slope,central Tarim[J].Oil & Gas geology,2001,22(2):150-153
[22] 夏新宇,曾凡刚,洪峰.中国陆表海碳酸盐岩有机质生烃潜力[J].石油与天然气地质,2001,22(4):287～292 Xia Xinyu,Zeng Fangang,Hong Feng.Hydrocarbon-generating potential of organic matter in epicontinental sea carbonate rocks in China[J].Oil & Gas geology,2001,22(4):287-292
[23] 杨威,魏国齐,王清华,等.塔里木盆地寒武系两类优质烃源岩及其形成的含油气系统[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(3):263～267 Yang Wei,Wei Guoqi,Wang Qinghua,et al.Two types of Cambrian source rocks and related petroleum systems in Tarim basin[J].Oil & Gas geology,2004,25(3):263-267
[24] 赵重远,张小会,任战利,等.油气藏动态预测[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,23(4):314～320 Zhao Zhangyuan,Zhang Xiaohui,Ren Zhanli,et al.Dynamic prediction of oil and gas pool formation[J].Oil & Gas geology,2002,23(4):314-320
[25] 邱楠生,方家虎.热作为油运移动力的物理模拟实验[J].石油与天然气地质,2002,24(3):210～214 Qiu Nansheng,Fang Jiahu.Physical simulation for petroleum migration in thermodynamic system[J].Oil & Gas geology,2002,24(3):210-214
[26] 王庭斌.中国气藏主要形成、定型于新近纪以来的构造运动[J].石油与天然气地质,2004,25(2):126～132 Wang Tingbin.Gas pools in China have mainly been formed and finalized during tectonic movements since Neogene[J].Oil & Gas geology,2004,25(2):126-132