陆-陆碰撞对南亚地区油气的控制作用

doi:10.11743/ogg20130215

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南亚地区主体为印度板块,裂谷期(4 570～166 Ma)时为东冈瓦纳大陆的一部分,自晚侏罗世(166 Ma)经过从南向北的长距离漂移,从始新世(49 Ma)开始,该板块向欧亚板块俯冲,早-中中新世(16 Ma)至今喜马拉雅山脉和印度-缅甸山脉快速隆升,形成了5个构造单元。前晚白垩世板块北部被动边缘型沉积被破坏,而东、西两侧和南缘沉积遭受抬升剥蚀程度较小,油气保存条件较好,板块内部在裂谷期仅发生微弱的沉降,晚碰撞期烃源岩未成熟。油气主要富集在沿着印度板块边缘分布的被动大陆边缘、前陆盆地、弧前-弧后盆地和夭折裂谷系中,以中、新生代沉积为主,典型的油气运聚模式依次为复合砂体运聚模式、构造褶皱-冲断运聚模式、断-坳垂向运聚模式和断裂-岩性运聚模式。

关键词: 陆-陆碰撞, 构造演化, 构造单元, 运聚模式, 油气富集规律, 印度板块

Abstract:

The main body of the South Asian region is the Indian Plate,which was a part of the East Gondwanaland during the Rift Period (4570-166Ma) and then drifted from south to north for a long distance after the Late Jurassic (166Ma).Since the Eocene (49Ma),the Plate began subducting towards the Eurasian Plate,causing the Himalayas and India-Myanmar Mountains rapidly uplifting from the Early Miocene (16Ma) to the present and the formation of five tectonic units.The passive margin sedimentary in northern Indian Plate had been destroyed in the pre-Late Cretaceous,while the east,west and southern parts of the Plate were subjected only to minor elevation and denudation,therefore hydrocarbons there were better preserved.During the Rift Period,the interior of the Plate only experienced weak subsidence,and during the late Collision Period,hydrocarbon source rocks were immature.Hydrocarbons were mainly concentrated in the passive continental margin,the foreland basins,the fore/back arc basins and the aborted rift systems along the edge of the Indian Plate,with the Meso-Cenozoic sedimentary rocks as the main reservoirs.Typical hydrocarbon migration and accumulation patterns are thought to be the composite sandbody's pattern,fold-thrust pattern,the fault-depression pattern and the fault-lithological pattern.

Key words: continent-continent collision, tectonic evolution, tectonic unit, migration and accumulation pattern, hydrocarbon accumulation pattern, Indian Plate

中图分类号:

TE122.1

吴义平,潘校华,田作基,等. 陆-陆碰撞对南亚地区油气的控制作用[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2013, 34(2): 236-241. doi: 10.11743/ogg20130215 Wu Yiping,Pan Xiaohua,Tian Zuoji,et al. Control of continent-continent collision on hydrocarbon generation in South Asia[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2013, 34(2): 236-241. doi: 10.11743/ogg20130215

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