我国海相碳酸盐岩大油气田油气藏类型及分布特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20130202

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于对塔里木、四川及鄂尔多斯三大盆地海相碳酸盐岩大油气田的解剖研究,将我国碳酸盐岩圈闭和油气藏划分为构造型、岩性型、地层型及复合型等4大类21种类型。其中,岩性圈闭可划分为生物礁圈闭、颗粒滩圈闭及成岩圈闭;地层圈闭可分为块断古潜山圈闭、准平原化侵蚀古地貌圈闭、残丘古潜山缝洞体圈闭、似层状缝洞体圈闭、地层楔状体圈闭及地层上超尖灭圈闭。我国陆上海相碳酸盐岩大油气田主要由中低丰度地层型和岩性型油气藏群构成。台缘带发育的生物礁油气藏与颗粒滩油气藏沿台缘带呈"串珠状"分布;准平原化侵蚀古地貌油气藏群呈"团块状"分布;缝洞油气藏群受缝洞储层发育层位控制,呈"似层状"大面积分布。大型古隆起及斜坡带、台缘带是岩性、地层油气藏集群式分布的有利区,油气勘探潜力大。

关键词: 集群式分布, 地层圈闭, 岩性圈闭, 油气藏类型, 海相碳酸盐岩

Abstract:

Recent analysis of marine carbonate oil and gas fields in Tarim Basin,Sichuan Basin and Erdos Basin reveals that carbonate traps and reservoirs in China can be classified into 4 major categories (i.e.structural traps,lithologic traps,stratigraphic traps and hybrid traps) and 21 types.The paper focuses on only stratigraphic and lithologic traps as they are more common trap types in the country.The lithologic traps can be further classified into bioherm traps,grain bank traps and diagenetic traps.The stratigraphic traps can also be classified into fault-block buried hill traps,peneplain erosion paeleogeomorphologic traps,monadnock buried hill fracture-vuggy traps,quasi-bedded fracture-vuggy traps,stratigraphic wedge traps and stratigraphic onlap pinchout traps.The paper points out that the marine carbonate oil and gas fields on China mainland are mainly of stratigraphic and lithologic reservoirs with moderate to low abundance.The bioherm reservoirs and grain bank reservoirs develop and distribute in a bead-like shape along platform margin,while the peneplain erosion palaeogeomorphologic reservoirs present as the shape of crumbs;the fractured-vuggy reservoirs are distri-buted widely in the quasi0bedded shape.The large ancient uplift,slope zone and platform margin,are considered favorable areas for cluster distribution of lithologic and stratigraphic oil and gas reservoirs and therefore are regarded to have great potential for hydrocarbon exploration.

Key words: cluster distribution, stratigraphic trap, lithologic trap, hydrocarbon reservoir type, marine carbonate rock

中图分类号:

TE121.3

汪泽成,赵文智,胡素云,等. 我国海相碳酸盐岩大油气田油气藏类型及分布特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2013, 34(2): 153-160. doi: 10.11743/ogg20130202 Wang Zecheng,Zhao Wenzhi,Hu Suyun,et al. Reservoir types and distribution characteristics of large marine carbonate oil and gas fields in China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2013, 34(2): 153-160. doi: 10.11743/ogg20130202

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