塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩油气成藏特征

doi:10.11743/ogg20140605

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 沙参2井实现了塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩的首次重大突破,推动了塔中油田、塔河油田及和田河气田的相继发现和大油气田勘探理论的持续创新,逐步建立起盆地下古生界海相碳酸盐岩油气成藏理论.对盆地下古生界成藏地质条件与典型油气藏综合研究表明,稳定的古隆起古斜坡、多套非均质碳酸盐岩储集体、充足的油源供给与多期成藏等要素的配置控制了大型碳酸盐岩油气田的形成与分布;塔北沙雅隆起南坡受加里东-海西期岩溶叠加改造形成了复式的缝洞成藏系统,受满加尔、阿瓦提两大生烃坳陷多期的油气充注改造形成了复杂的油气藏类型,单个缝洞型油气藏具有相对独立的油-气-水系统,平面上叠合连片含油气、不均匀富集;塔中卡塔克隆起下古生界具有典型的复式成藏特征,从寒武系往上部层系气/油比逐渐降低,油气富集规律相比塔北更复杂,总体表现出"平面分块、纵向分层、多点充注、相对高点富集"的特点;和田古隆起是具有优越成藏条件的早古生代三大古隆起之一,已发现了受不均一岩溶缝洞体控制、不均匀含油的玉北奥陶系油藏,但近期的勘探进程表明该区成藏条件及油气富集规律尚不明朗.塔北沙雅隆起南坡及围斜区、卡塔克隆起及北坡顺南-古城地区是奥陶系油气勘探的现实领域,而顺托果勒低隆、麦盖提斜坡、塘古巴斯坳陷玛东冲断带和塔北、塔中-巴楚寒武系-奥陶系深层是重要的接替领域.

关键词: 成藏地质条件, 油气成藏特征, 海相碳酸盐岩, 下古生界, 塔里木盆地

Abstract: The first major breakthrough of Well Shacan 2 in exploration of the Lower Paleozoic carbonates promotes the successive discoveries of Tazhong, Tahe and Hetianhe oilfields and continuous innovation of exploration theory of large fields. And the hydrocarbon accumulation theory of carbonate reservoir is also gradually put forward. The researches on hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and typical reservoirs in the Lower Paleozoic show that the formation and distribution of large carbonate fields are controlled by the temporal-spatial combination of stable paleo-uplifts and slopes, several heterogeneous carbonate reservoirs, abundant oil sources and multiple periods of hydrocarbon accumulation. The south slope of Shaya uplift is a complex fractured-vuggy reservoir system formed due to the modification by the Caleton-Hercynian karstification and multi-staged hydrocarbon charging from Manjiaer and Awati depressions. Single fractured-vuggy reservoir has re-latively independent oil, gas and water system. These reservoirs are superimposed vertically and connected laterally with inhomogeneous oil enrichment. Katake uplift in the central of Tarim Basin possesses the typical characteristics of composite hydrocarbon accumulation. The gas oil ratio decreases from the Cambrian to the upper formations and the patterns of hydrocarbon enrichment are more complicated than that in Tabei. The hydrocarbon accumulation is characterized by lateral zonation, vertical layering, incharging in multi-places and accumulation in relative structural highs. Hetian paleo-uplift is one of three lower Palezoic uplifts with favorable hydrocarbon accumulation conditions. Yubei Ordovician reservoir was discovered recently in the Hetian paleo-high and it was an uneven karst fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoir system. However, the hydrocarbon accumulative conditions and patterns are still poorly understood. The south slope of Shaya uplift and its surroun-ding slope areas, Katake uplift and the northern slope Shunnan-Gucheng areas are potential target areas for exploration of the Ordovician, while Shuntuoguole uplift, Maigaiti slope, Madong fault belt of Tanggubasi depression, and Tabei, Tazhong-Bachu Cambrian-Ordovician deep formation area are the important areas for future exploration.

Key words: accumulation geological conditions, hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics, marine carbonates, Lower Paleozoic, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.3

黄太柱,蒋华山,马庆佑. 塔里木盆地下古生界碳酸盐岩油气成藏特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2014, 35(6): 780-787. doi: 10.11743/ogg20140605 Huang Taizhu,Jiang Huashan,Ma Qingyou. Hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics in Lower Paleozoic Carbonate reservoirs of Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2014, 35(6): 780-787. doi: 10.11743/ogg20140605

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