深层-超深层优质碳酸盐岩储层形成控制因素

doi:10.11743/ogg20170401

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于对前期工作的总结与前人研究工作的调研，提出了构造、层序、岩相、流体、时间五因素控储的概念模型。①构造对深层优质储层的影响可分为原型和变形两个方面，原型体现在构造对沉积格局的控制，构造变形如古隆起的形成演化、褶皱断裂的发育、裂缝组合等为后期的成岩改造提供了新的宏观背景，热体制以及新的流体的介入会建立全新的地质流体-岩石相互作用环境；②地层层序的结构与样式提供了储层发育与分布的宏观环境，较高级次的层序界面主要控制了规模性的岩溶型储层的形成，较低级次的层序界面与台缘、台内礁滩相储层发育分布关系密切，也是层间岩溶流体运移的通道；③岩相包括沉积相和成岩相，是后期流体改造的基础，也是储层最终赋存的场所，原始岩石矿物和结构可改造性的差异影响着储层的发育；④流体作用始终贯穿在碳酸盐岩建造与改造过程中，开放的地质流体环境形成储集空间，封闭的地质流体环境保持储集空间；⑤时间是指碳酸盐岩地层从沉积到成岩改造并最终定型的全过程，涉及上述4种要素各种地质作用的持续过程和相互之间的配置关系。构造-层序-岩相-流体-时间五种因素息息相关、相互制约，五要素在碳酸盐岩储层形成和保持过程中分别发挥着不同的、同时又是不可分割的作用。一般来说，优质的规模性碳酸盐岩储层是多种因素联合和多期复合作用的结果。

关键词: 构造, 层序, 岩相, 流体, 时间, 深层碳酸盐岩, 储层成因

Abstract: Based on our preliminary works and previous researches,we proposed a conceptual model of five main factors controlling the formation of carbonate reservoirs,including tectonics,sequence,lithofacies,fluid and timing.Tectonics exerted influences on the reservoirs through prototyping and deformation.The former controlled the sedimentary pattern and the latter,such as the formation and evolution of ancient uplifts,the development of folds and fractures,and the combination of fractures,provide a new macro background for a late diagenetic transformation.A brand new geological fluid-rock interaction environment could be formed through the intervention of thermal events and new fluids.The structure and style of stratigraphic sequence provided a macroscopic environment for reservoir development and distribution.Boundaries of relatively higher order of sequence controlled mainly the formation of scaled karst reservoirs,while those of relatively lower order of sequence were closely related to the development and distribution of reef-facies reservoirs in platforms and their margins,which also acted as channels of inter-layer karst fluid migration.Lithofacies,including sedimentary and diagenetic facies,were the basis of a later fluid transformation and the place where reservoirs were finally sat.The differences of modifiability of different original mineral components and the structures could affect the development of reservoirs.The effects of fluids existed all the way through the formation and reconstruction of carbonate rocks.Open geological fluid environment contributed to the formation of reservoir spaces,while closed geological fluid environment contributed to the preservation of reservoir spaces.Timing refers to the whole process of carbonate formation from sedimentation to diagenetic transformation and finalization,which involved the continuous processes of and the relationships between the geological effects controlled by the above four factors.Tectonics,sequence,lithofacies,fluid and timing were closely related to one another,and each played different and inseparable roles in the formation and preservation of carbonate reservoirs.In general,large-scale high-quality carbonate reservoirs are resulted from the combined effects of multiple factors through multi-stages.

Key words: tectonics, sequence, lithofacies, fluid, timing, deep carbonate reservoir, reservoir genesis

中图分类号:

TE122.2

何治亮,张军涛,丁茜,等. 深层-超深层优质碳酸盐岩储层形成控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2017, 38(4): 633-644,763. doi: 10.11743/ogg20170401 He Zhiliang,Zhang Juntao,Ding Qian,et al. Factors controlling the formation of high-quality deep to ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2017, 38(4): 633-644,763. doi: 10.11743/ogg20170401

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