运用岩性因子预测四川盆地涪陵地区茅口组白云岩储层

doi:10.11743/ogg20200113

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

川东南涪陵地区茅口组碳酸盐岩与上覆吴家坪组底部炭质泥岩存在较大波阻抗差，形成连续强反射界面T_P2，屏蔽了下伏白云岩储层的地震响应，茅口组白云岩与灰岩纵波阻抗叠置，叠后地震难识别，原始CRP道集有效角度仅到20°，缺乏大角度信息，不利于叠前弹性参数求取。针对以上问题，在叠前道集优化处理基础上，采用多子波分解与重构技术对近、中角度的叠加数据进行了去强轴处理，再通过贝叶斯稀疏脉冲反演求取了两个叠加数据体的射线弹性阻抗体，最后利用近、中角度的射线弹性阻抗体通过坐标旋转技术构建了岩性因子，进行白云岩储层的有效识别。多子波分解与重构技术可有效压制炭质泥岩的强轴屏蔽，突显下伏白云岩储层的地震响应，提高储层预测精度，射线弹性阻体构建岩性因子规避了叠前道集大角度信息缺失、弹性参数难求取的问题。研究表明，涪陵地区茅口组三段白云岩储层主要呈团块状沿基底断裂分布，地震岩性因子预测的白云岩厚度与实钻井较吻合，该技术可有效解决白云岩储层难预测的问题，具一定的推广运用价值。

关键词: 叠前道集优化, 多子波分解与重构, 射线弹性阻抗, 坐标旋转, 岩性因子, 白云岩, 茅口组, 涪陵地区

Abstract:

Large P-wave impedance difference exists between the Maokou Fm.carbonates and overlying carbonaceous mudstones at the bottom of the Wujiaping Formation in Fuling area, southeastern Sichuan Basin, resulting in a continuous strong reflection interface(T_P2), which shields the seismic response of the underlying dolomite reservoirs.Due to the superimposition of the P-wave impedance between dolomite and limestone in the Maokou Formation, post-stack seismic prediction of the dolomite reservoir is difficult.In addition, the effective angle of the original CRP gather is only 20°, and the lacking of high-angle information is unfavorable for the calculation of pre-stack elastic parameters.On the basis of the CRP gather optimization, superimposed near-and medium-angle data were formed with the technology of multi-wavelet decomposition and reconstruction.Then, the ray elastic impedance of the two superimposed data volumes was obtained by Bayesian sparse pulse inversion.The lithology factor was built by coordination rotation to identify dolomite reservoirs via the ray elastic impedances of near-and medium-angle information.Multi-wavelet decomposition and reconstruction can effectively suppress the strong inference of the carbonaceous mudstone, and highlight the seismic responses of dolomites, thus improving the accuracy of reservoir prediction.The lithology factor obtained can be applied to avoid problems relating to the lack of high-angle CRP gather and the difficulty in elastic parameter calculation.In conclusion, the dolomite reservoirs in the Mao 3 member are distributed in blocks along basement-rooted faults, the thickness out of seismic prediction by lithology factor is in good agreement with actual drilling data, indicating that the technology could be applied to the effective prediction of dolomite reservoirs, and is of promotional value in practice.

Key words: CRP gather optimization, multi-wavelet decomposition and reconstruction, ray elastic impedance, coordinate rotation, lithology factor, dolomite, Maokou Formation, Fuling area

中图分类号:

TE122.2

刘玲,沃玉进,张涛,等. 运用岩性因子预测四川盆地涪陵地区茅口组白云岩储层[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(1): 144-156. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200113 Ling Liu,Yujin Wo,Tao Zhang,et al. Dolomite reservoir prediction with lithology factor in the Maokou Formation, Fuling area, Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(1): 144-156. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200113

图/表 11

图1

图2

图3

图4

图5

图6

表1

图7

图8

图9

图10

参考文献 24

1	王良军, 杨诚, 王庆波, 等. 四川盆地涪陵地区茅口组热液白云岩储层预测[J]. 物探化探计算技术, 2018, 40 (3): 298- 305. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1749.2018.03.03
	Wang Liangjun , Yang Cheng , Wang Qingbo , et al. Hydrothermal dolomite reservoir prediction for Maokou formation in Fuling area, Sichuan basin[J]. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2018, 40 (3): 298- 305. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1749.2018.03.03
2	刘玲, 沃玉进, 孙炜, 等. 龙门山前侏罗系沙溪庙组致密砂岩储层叠前地震预测[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2019, 30 (7): 1- 9.
	Liu Ling , Wo Yujin , Sun Wei , et al. Prestack seismic prediction of tight sandstones for Jurassic Shaximiao formation in front of Longmenshan[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2019, 30 (7): 1- 9.
3	李庆忠. 走向精确勘探的道路[M]. 北京石油工业出版社, 1994: 6- 24.
	Li Qingzhong . Road to precise exploration[M]. Beijing Petroleum Industry Press, 1994: 6- 24.
4	鲜强, 冯许魁, 刘永雷, 等. 塔中地区碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层叠前流体识别[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40 (1): 196- 204.
	Xian Qiang , Feng Xukui , Liu Yonglei , et al. Prestack fluid identification for fractured vuggy carbonate reservoir in Tazhong area[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40 (1): 196- 204.
5	裴江云. 复杂岩性目标黏弹性叠前深度域成像方法及其应用[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2019, 38 (4): 124- 130.
	Pei Jiangyun . Imaging method of the viscoelastic prestack depth domain for complex lithologic targets and its application[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2019, 38 (4): 124- 130.
6	Geronimo J S , Hardin D P , Massopust P R . Fractal functions and wavelet expansions based on several scaling functions[J]. J.Approx.Theory, 1994, 78 (3): 373- 401. doi: 10.1006/jath.1994.1085
7	Bear L K , Pavlis G L . Multi-channel estimation of time residuals from broadband seismic data using multi-wavelets[J]. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 1999, 89 (3): 681- 692.
8	Lebrun J , Vetterli M . Balanced multiwavelets theory and design[J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 1998, 46 (4): 1119- 1125. doi: 10.1109/78.668561
9	Jonathan M L , Jeffrey Park . Multiwavelet spectral and polarization analyses of seismic records[J]. Geophysical Journal International, 1995, 122 (3): 1001- 1021. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1995.tb06852.x
10	Ping An . Application of multi-wavelet seismic trace decomposition and reconstruction to seismic data interpretation and reservoir characterization[J]. SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstract, 2006, 25, 973- 977.
11	徐天吉, 沈忠民, 文学康. 多子波分解与重构技术应用研究[J]. 成都理工大学学报(自然科学版), 2010, 37 (6): 660- 665. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2010.06.011
	Xu Tianji , Shen Zhongmin , Wen Xuekang . Reasearch and application of multi-wavelet decomposition and reconstruction[J]. Journal of Chengdu University of Technology (Science & Technology Edition), 2010, 37 (6): 660- 665. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-9727.2010.06.011
12	于景维, 付欢, 张宗斌, 等. 准噶尔盆地阜东斜坡区头屯河组岩石物理相特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2018, 39 (1): 129- 139.
	Yu Jingwei , Fu Huan , Zhang Zongbin , et al. Petrophysical facies of Toutunhe Formation in Fudong slope area, Junggar Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2018, 39 (1): 129- 139.
13	Ricker . The form and laws of propagation of seismic wavelets[J]. Geophysics, 1953, 18 (1): 10- 40. doi: 10.1190/1.1437843
14	王鸣川, 段太忠, 杜秀娟, 等. 沉积相耦合岩石物理类型的孔隙型碳酸盐岩油藏建模方法[J]. 石油实验地质, 2018, 40 (2): 253- 259.
	Wang Mingchuan , Duan Taizhong , Du Xiujuan , et al. Geological modeling method based on sedimentary facies coupled rock type for porous carbonate reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2018, 40 (2): 253- 259.
15	冷雪梅, 杜启振, 孟宪军. 基于纵横波弹性阻抗联合反演的储层流体检测方法[J]. 断块油气田, 2019, 26 (03): 319- 323, 363.
	Leng Xuemei , Du Qizhen , Meng Xianjun . Reservoir fluid detection method based on joint PP-and PS-wave elastic impedance inversion[J]. Fault-Block Oil and Gas Field, 2019, 26 (03): 319- 323, 363.
16	Kahraman S , Yeken T . Determination of physical properties of carbonate rocks from P-wave velocity[J]. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 2008, 67 (2): 277- 281. doi: 10.1007/s10064-008-0139-0
17	Liu Ling , Tang Dazhen , WoYujin , et al. Favorable area prediction of tight sandstone:A case study of the He8 formation in the Kangning area, Eastern Ordos Basin, China[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2019, 175, 430- 443. doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2018.12.069
18	刘力辉, 王绪本. 一种改进的射线弹性阻抗公式及弹性参数反演[J]. 石油物探, 2011, 50 (4): 331- 335. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2011.04.003
	Liu Lihui , Wang Xubei . One modified ray-path elastic parameter inversion[J]. Geophysical Prospecting For Petroleum, 2011, 50 (4): 331- 335. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2011.04.003
19	J.F.Ma, I.B.Morozov.Ray-path elastic impedance[EB/OL].[2010-08-02].http://www.cseg.ca/coventions/abstracs/2004/2004abstracts/082s0209-Jinfeng_M_Raypath_Elastic_Impedance.pdf.
20	Liu Ling , Liu Lihui , Wo Yujin , et al. Pre-stack elastic parameter inversion of ray parameter[J]. Journal of Applied Geophysics, 2019, 162, 13- 21. doi: 10.1016/j.jappgeo.2019.01.003
21	陈宗清. 四川盆地中二叠统茅口组天然气勘探[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2007, 5 (2): 1- 11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2007.02.001
	Chen Zongqing . Exploration for Natural gas in Middle Permian Maokou formation of Sichuan Basin[J]. Geological Exploration and Development, 2007, 5 (2): 1- 11. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1672-7703.2007.02.001
22	李大军, 陈辉, 陈洪德, 等. 四川盆地中二叠统茅口组储层形成与古构造演化关系[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2016, 37 (5): 756- 763.
	Li Dajun , Chen Hui , Chen Hongde , et al. Relationship between reservoir development in the Middle Permian Maokou formation and paleostructure evolution in the Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2016, 37 (5): 756- 763.
23	徐祖新. 川东地区中二叠统茅口组天然气成因及气源[J]. 特种油气藏, 2019, 26 (2): 16- 22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2019.02.003
	Xu Zuxin . Genesis and source of gas in middle permian maokou formation of eastern sichuan basin[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2019, 26 (2): 16- 22. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-6535.2019.02.003
24	徐敏, 陆林超, 段杰, 等. 川中-川东地区下二叠统茅口组二段白云岩发育规律研究[J]. 石油地质与工程, 2018, 32 (4): 23- 27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8217.2018.04.005
	Xu Min , Lu Linchao , Duan Jie , et al. Dolomite development of lower Permian Maokou formation in middle and eastern Sichuan[J]. Petroleum Geology & Engineering, 2018, 32 (4): 23- 27. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8217.2018.04.005

岩性	自然伽马/API	补偿中子	密度/(g·cm^-3)	纵波速度/(m·s^-1)	横波速度/(m·s^-1)	纵波阻抗/(g·cm^-3·m·s^-1)
白云岩	18.05~19.49(18.77)	0.022~0.024(0.023)	2.718~2.761(2.745)	5 968~6 424(6 227)	3 225~3 395(3 325)	16 222~17 323(17 086)
灰岩	19.39~37.21(29.78)	-0.004~0(-0.000 8)	2.678~2.706(2.699)	6 131~6 372(6 277)	3 186~3 269(3 240)	16 419~17 248(16 938)
含泥灰岩	62.60~64.67(63.64)	0.004~0.020(0.012)	2.654~2.698(2.676)	5 754~6 069(5 912)	3 206~3 224(3 215)	15 271~16 375(15 823)

[1]	郭春涛, 宋海强, 梁洁, 倪玲梅. 塔东地区米兰1井寒武系白云岩成因及其对储层的影响[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(5): 953-964.
[2]	朱可丹, 张友, 林彤, 王雅春, 郑兴平, 朱琳. 基于CT成像的白云岩储层孔喉非均质性分析——以塔东古城地区奥陶系GC601井鹰三段为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(4): 862-873.
[3]	田鹤, 曾联波, 徐翔, 舒志国, 彭勇民, 毛哲, 罗兵. 四川盆地涪陵地区海相页岩天然裂缝特征及对页岩气的影响[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(3): 474-483.
[4]	孙福宁, 胡文瑄, 胡忠亚, 刘永立, 康逊, 朱峰. 断裂-层序双控机制下的热液活动及成储效应——以塔里木盆地塔河、玉北地区下奥陶统为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(3): 558-575.
[5]	程丽娟, 李忠, 刘嘉庆, 于靖波. 塔里木盆地巴楚-塔中地区寒武系盐下白云岩储层成岩作用及物性特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(2): 316-327.
[6]	何治亮, 马永生, 张军涛, 朱东亚, 钱一雄, 丁茜, 陈代钊. 中国的白云岩与白云岩储层:分布、成因与控制因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(1): 1-14.
[7]	李朋威, 何治亮, 罗平, 金廷福, 张英, 冯建赟, 宋金民, 徐士林. 华北北部地区蓟县系高于庄组-雾迷山组白云岩储层特征与形成主控因素[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(1): 26-36, 49.
[8]	陈代钊, 张艳秋, 周锡强, 董少锋. 塔里木盆地西缘上寒武统下丘里塔格群热液白云岩改造时限:来自古地磁的约束[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(1): 50-58.
[9]	李宗杰, 王鹏, 陈绪云, 李映涛. 塔里木盆地顺南地区超深白云岩储层地震、地质综合预测[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(1): 59-67.
[10]	刘嘉庆, 李忠, 颜梦珂, PeterK.Swart, 杨柳, 卢朝进. 塔里木盆地塔中地区下奥陶统白云岩的成岩流体演化:来自团簇同位素的证据[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(1): 68-82.
[11]	刘永立, 尤东华, 高利君, 张卫峰, 谢乘飞. 塔河油田塔深6井蓬莱坝组硅质岩成因及其地质意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(1): 83-91.
[12]	罗清清, 刘波, 姜伟民, 于进鑫, 刘诗琦, 王远翀, 魏柳斌, 蔡郑红. 鄂尔多斯盆地中部奥陶系马家沟组五段白云岩储层成岩作用及孔隙演化[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(1): 102-115.
[13]	张涛, 林娟华, 韩月卿, 王泽宇, 秦军, 张荣强. 四川盆地东部中二叠统茅口组热液白云岩发育模式及对储层的改造[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(1): 132-143, 200.
[14]	周凌方, 钱一雄, 宋晓波, 曹波, 尤东华, 李勇. 四川盆地西部彭州气田中三叠统雷口坡组四段上亚段白云岩孔隙表征、分布及成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(1): 177-188.
[15]	万友利, 王剑, 付修根, 王东. 羌塘盆地南坳陷中侏罗统布曲组白云岩储层成因流体同位素地球化学示踪[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(1): 189-200.