渤海海域太古界深埋变质岩潜山优质储集层形成机制与油气勘探意义

doi:10.11743/ogg20200201

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深埋变质岩潜山风化壳相对致密，裂缝发育程度是储层优质的决定因素。利用岩心、铸体薄片、荧光薄片、扫描电镜、常规物性等实验分析方法，对渤海海域渤中19-6构造太古界深埋变质岩潜山优质储集层形成机制进行分析。研究表明，渤中19-6构造太古界以片麻岩、变质花岗岩和混合岩为主，岩石中长英质矿物含量高、地层脆性强，极易形成裂缝，为优质储集层的发育创造了较好的岩性条件；持续动力破碎作用使潜山内幕发育大规模裂缝发育带和动力破碎带，是变质岩优质储集层形成的关键；风化作用影响下潜山顶部形成大量次生溶蚀孔和沿裂缝溶蚀扩大孔，但深埋作用使顶部风化壳相对致密。在上述控制因素指导下，建立了“垂向贯通，横向连续”大型深埋变质岩优质储集层分布模式。

关键词: 变质岩, 优质储集层, 潜山, 太古界, 渤中19-6构造, 渤中凹陷, 渤海海域

Abstract:

The weathering crust of deep metamorphic rocks is relatively dense, and the development of fractures is key to reservoir quality.The formation mechanism of high-quality buried-hill reservoir of deep Archaean metamorphic rocks in the BZ 19-6 structure was analyzed through core description, casting thin section observation, microscopic fluorescent analysis of thin section, scanning electron microscopy and conventional physical property measurements.The results show that the Archaean rocks in the BZ 19-6 structure are dominated by gneiss, metamorphic granite and migmatite, in which the high content of felsic minerals with great brittleness is prone to fracture development.Thus, they tend to develop high-quality reservoirs.The fragmentation under continuous deformation and stress makes large-scale fracture zones and stress fragmenting zones developed inside the buried hill, which is the key to the formation of high-quality reservoirs in metamorphic rocks.The weathering resulted in a large number of secondary dissolution pores and dissolution enlarged pores along fractures on top of the buried hill.However, the weathering crust became relatively dense under deep burial.Under the guidance of controlling factors mentioned above, a reservoir distribution pattern of "vertical connectivity, and lateral continuity" is revealed for large-scale deep metamorphic reservoirs of high quality.

Key words: metamorphic rock, high-quality reservoir, buried hill, Archaean, BZ 19-6 structure, Bozhong Depression, Bohai Sea area

中图分类号:

TE122.2

徐长贵,杜晓峰,刘晓健,等. 渤海海域太古界深埋变质岩潜山优质储集层形成机制与油气勘探意义[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(2): 235-247, 294. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200201 Changgui Xu,Xiaofeng Du,Xiaojian Liu,et al. Formation mechanism of high-quality deep buried-hill reservoir of Archaean metamorphic rocks and its significance in petroleum exploration in Bohai Sea area[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(2): 235-247, 294. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200201

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储集层分带	孔隙度/%	渗透率/(10^-3 μm²)	储集空间类型
风化砂砾岩带	5.4~21.9	0.90~614.80	孔隙型，裂缝-孔隙型
风化裂缝带	1.2~12.8	0.01~5.39	裂缝型
内幕裂缝带	2.4~6.2	0.10~11.80	裂缝型
基岩带	1.3~3.1	0.19~0.68	非储层

裂缝期次	构造期次	充填特征	成因及有效性	岩心照片	微观特征
Ⅲ期	喜马拉雅运动	充填方解石为主	后期构造作用，充填方解石为特征，后期溶蚀形成有效裂缝
Ⅱ期	燕山运动	充填碎基、铁质矿物和铁白云石为主	碎裂作用，变质岩储层主要造缝作用，优质储层形成期，岩石类型为碎裂岩和碎斑岩
Ⅰ期	印支运动	晶体内微裂缝，充填断层泥、白云石为主	早期构造运动充填作用为主，基本未能形成有效储集空间

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