石油与天然气地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (5): 1067-1083.doi: 10.11743/ogg20230501

• 油气地质 •    

致密砂岩气藏复杂气-水关系形成和分布主控因素及分布模式

曾溅辉1,2(), 张亚雄3, 张在振1,2,4, 乔俊程1,2(), 王茂云1,2, 陈冬霞1,2, 姚泾利5, 丁景辰6, 熊亮7, 刘亚洲1,2, 赵伟波5, 任克博1,2   

  1. 1.中国石油大学(北京) 油气资源与探测国家重点实验室,北京 102249
    2.中国石油大学(北京) 地球科学学院,北京 102249
    3.中国石化 石油勘探开发研究院,北京 102206
    4.中国石化 胜利油田分公司 海洋采油厂,山东 东营 257237
    5.中国石油 长庆 油田分公司 勘探开发研究院,陕西 西安 710018
    6.中国石化 华北油气分公司 勘探开发研究院,河南 郑州 450052
    7.中国石化 西南油气分公司 勘探开发研究院,四川 成都 610059
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-05 修回日期:2023-08-06 出版日期:2023-10-01 发布日期:2023-10-19
  • 通讯作者: 乔俊程 E-mail:zengjh@ cup.edu.cn;Juncheng.Qiao@cup.edu.cn
  • 第一作者简介:曾溅辉(1962—),男,博士、教授,油气成藏机理和储层评价。E?mail: zengjh@ cup.edu.cn
  • 基金项目:
    国家自然科学基金项目(41972147);国家自然科学基金重点项目(41330319);国家自然科学基金青年项目(42302144)

Complex gas-water contacts in tight sandstone gas reservoirs: Distribution pattern and dominant factors controlling their formation and distribution

Jianhui ZENG1,2(), Yaxiong ZHANG3, Zaizhen ZHANG1,2,4, Juncheng QIAO1,2(), Maoyun WANG1,2, Dongxia CHEN1,2, Jingli YAO5, Jingchen DING6, Liang XIONG7, Yazhou LIU1,2, Weibo ZHAO5, Kebo REN1,2   

  1. 1.State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Prospecting,China University of Petroleum (Beijing),Changping,Beijing 102249,China
    2.College of Geosciences,China University of Petroleum (Beijing),Beijing 102249,China
    3.Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute,SINOPEC,Beijing 102206,China
    4.Offshore Oil Production Plant,SINOPEC Shengli Oilfield Branch Company,Dongying,Shandong 257237,China
    5.Research Institute of Exploration and Development,PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Branch Company,Xi’an,Shaanxi 710018,China
    6.Exploration and Development Research Institute,SINOPEC North China Petroleum Bureau,Zhengzhou,Henan 450052,China
    7.Exploration and Development Research Institute,SINOPEC Southwest Oil & Gas Branch Company,Chengdu,Sichuan 610059,China
  • Received:2022-09-05 Revised:2023-08-06 Online:2023-10-01 Published:2023-10-19
  • Contact: Juncheng QIAO E-mail:zengjh@ cup.edu.cn;Juncheng.Qiao@cup.edu.cn

摘要:

近年来大量勘探开发实践发现,致密砂岩气藏普遍产水,气-水关系非常复杂,“避水找气”已成为致密砂岩气藏勘探开发的关键问题。基于简单平缓构造区(鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格和大牛地致密砂岩气藏)、简单平缓-复杂隆起构造过渡区(鄂尔多斯盆地杭锦旗地区)和复杂隆起构造区(四川盆地川西地区致密气藏)气-水关系的综合地质分析,结合岩心和孔隙尺度致密砂岩气-水关系形成和分布物理模拟,明确了致密砂岩气藏气-水分布关系的类型和特征,揭示了砂体、岩心和孔隙尺度复杂气-水关系形成和分布主控因素,建立了气-水分布模式。研究指出:致密砂岩气藏气-水关系在砂体尺度上主要存在纯气无水型、上气下水正常型、上水下气倒置型、气-水同层混合型、气包水孤立型和纯水无气型等6种类型。在砂体尺度下,生烃强度控制了气-水分布范围,储层非均质性控制了气-水分布样式,源-储压差和构造活动联合控制了气-水分布边界;在岩心尺度下,渗透率和充注动力耦合控制了气-水关系形成和分布的临界条件;在孔隙尺度下,孔喉大小和配位数与充注压力耦合控制了流体赋存和渗流特征,决定了气-水关系形成和分布的临界条件。不同源-储组合的致密气藏,受砂体、岩心和孔隙尺度主控因素共同作用及其差异的影响,其气-水分布模式不同。

关键词: 地质主控因素, 形成机制, 分布模式, 气-水关系, 致密砂岩气藏, 四川盆地, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

In recent years, extensive exploration and exploitation activities in tight sandstone gas reservoirs have highlighted the common phenomenon of water production, indicating complex gas-water contacts. Exploring gas layers while avoiding water layers has become critical to the efficient exploration and exploitation of tight sandstone gas reservoirs. This study presents comprehensive geological analyses of gas-water contacts in simple gentle tectonic zones (tight sandstone gas reservoirs in the Sulige and Daniudi areas in the Ordos Basin), a transition zone of simple gentle to complex uplift (Hangjin Banner in the Ordos Basin), and complex uplift zones (tight-gas reservoirs in the western Sichuan Basin). Combined with the core-scale and pore-scale physical simulations of gas-water contact in tight sandstone, we clarify the types and characteristics of gas-water contacts in tight-gas sandstone reservoirs, reveal the dominant factors controlling the formation and distribution of intricate gas-water contacts based on the sand bodies, cores, and pores, and establish corresponding gas-water distribution patterns. Key findings are as follows. In terms of sand body, there are primarily six types of gas-water contacts within, including (1) the simple type of gas layer without water layer; (2) the normal type with gas layer underlain by water layer; (3) the inverted type with gas layer overlaid by water layer; (4) the hybrid type with gas and water in the same layer; (5) the isolated type with water layer within a gas layer; and (6) the simple type of water layer without gas. The distribution range, style, and boundary of gas-water contacts are governed by hydrocarbon-generating intensity, reservoir heterogeneity, and a combination of source rock-reservoir pressure differences and tectonic activity, respectively. At core-scale, permeability coupled with charging dynamics of the tight sandstone governs the critical conditions for the formation and distribution of gas-water contacts. At pore-scale, the coupling of pore throat size and coordination number with charging pressure dictates the fluid occurrence and seepage characteristics, determining the critical conditions for the formation and distribution of gas-water contacts. Owing to the collective effects of dominant factors from sand body, core-scale, and pore scale and their differences, tight-gas reservoirs with different source rock-reservoir assemblages exhibit different gas-water distribution patterns.

Key words: dominant geological factor, formation mechanism, distribution pattern, gas-water contact, tight sandstone reservoir, Sichuan Basin, Ordos Basin

中图分类号: