石油与天然气地质 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (1): 47-61.doi: 10.11743/ogg20250104

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

松辽盆地北部白垩系沙河子组煤岩气成藏条件及勘探潜力

白雪峰1,2(), 陆加敏1,2, 李军辉1,2, 孙立东1,2, 杨亮1,2, 刘家军1,2, 许金双1,2, 周翔1,2(), 李笑梅1,2, 李国政1,2   

  1. 1.多资源协同陆相页岩油绿色开采全国重点实验室，黑龙江 大庆 163712
    2.中国石油 大庆油田分公司 勘探开发研究院，黑龙江 大庆 163712
  • 收稿日期:2024-04-22 修回日期:2024-07-19 出版日期:2025-02-28 发布日期:2025-03-03
  • 通讯作者: 周翔 E-mail:bxf@petrochina.com.cn;zhouxiang2206@163.com
  • 第一作者简介:白雪峰（1979—），男，博士、教授级高级工程师，油气勘探部署与地质综合研究。E-mail： bxf@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 基金项目:
    中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项(2016E-01);中国石油天然气股份有限公司前瞻性与基础型重大科技项目(2021DJ0205)

Accumulation conditions and exploration potential of coal-rock gas （CRG） in the Cretaceous Shahezi Formation， northern Songliao Basin

Xuefeng BAI1,2(), Jiamin LU1,2, Junhui LI1,2, Lidong SUN1,2, Liang YANG1,2, Jiajun LIU1,2, Jinshuang XU1,2, Xiang ZHOU1,2(), Xiaomei LI1,2, Guozheng LI1,2   

  1. 1.National Key Laboratory for Green Mining of Multi-resource Collaborative Continental Shale Oil，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163712，China
    2.Exploration and Development Research Institute，Daqing Oilfield of CNPC，Daqing，Heilongjiang 163712，China
  • Received:2024-04-22 Revised:2024-07-19 Online:2025-02-28 Published:2025-03-03
  • Contact: Xiang ZHOU E-mail:bxf@petrochina.com.cn;zhouxiang2206@163.com

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摘要：

松辽盆地深层白垩系沙河子组煤岩厚度大、煤岩气资源丰富，是盆地北部深部煤岩气重要的勘探领域。通过地震、地质和地球化学等多种资料分析，研究了成煤环境、成烃演化、成储机制以及煤岩气聚集条件和成藏模式，提出了断陷盆地煤岩气富集模式和未来煤岩气勘探方向。研究表明：① 沙河子组沉积时期多个断陷发育大面积泥炭沼泽，沉积的巨厚煤岩是煤岩气形成的物质基础。② 沙河子组具有高丰度和高成熟度的泥、煤双源生烃、供气。③ 沙河子组煤岩气中游离气和吸附气共存，其中游离气占34.80 % ~ 43.30 %，吸附气占56.70 % ~ 65.20 %。深部无烟煤含气量为33.83 ~ 36.56 cm3/t。④ 沙河子组煤岩有机质孔与裂隙形成的“孔缝体”，是煤岩气聚集的有利空间。⑤ 沙河子组煤-泥型储-盖组合突破压力高，与煤层内部超压流体一起，为煤岩气保存提供有利条件。⑥ 初步估算松辽盆地北部沙河子组煤岩气资源量约1.260 × 1012 m3，其中徐家围子断陷沙河子组煤岩气资源量0.853 × 1012 m3。徐家围子断陷宋站洼槽东侧缓坡带和徐西洼槽为松辽盆地北部煤岩气勘探的首选靶区。

关键词: 勘探潜力, 突破方向, 成藏条件, 煤岩气, 沙河子组, 白垩系, 松辽盆地北部

Abstract:

The deeply buried Shahezi Formation in the Songliao Basin exhibits considerable coal-bearing rock thickness and abundant coal-rock gas （CRG） resources， establishing itself as an important CRG exploration target in the northern Songliao Basin. Based on the analyses of seismic， geological， and geochemical data， we investigate the coal-forming environment， hydrocarbon generation and evolution， reservoir-forming mechanisms， and CRG accumulation conditions and patterns in the formation. Accordingly， the enrichment patterns and future exploration targets of CRG are proposed in the downfaulted Songliao Basin. The results indicate the presence of extensive peat swamps in multiple downfaulted sediments during the deposition of the Shahezi Formation， with the significantly thick coal seams developed within providing a sound material basis for generating the CRG. Both the coal and mudstone characterized by high abundance and high maturity in the Shahezi Formation serve as source rocks for the enrichment and accumulation of CRG. The CRG in the Shahezi Formation features the coexistence of free and adsorbed gas， with the former accounting for 34.8 % to 43.3 % and the latter for 56.7 % to 65.2 %， as well as the deep anthracite exhibiting a gas content range of 33.83 ~ 36.56 cm3/t. The coal-bearing rocks in the Shahezi Formation contain a pore-fracture system consisting of organic pores and fractures， which provides effective spaces for CRG accumulation. The high breakthrough pressures of the reservoir-cap rock assemblages， consisting of coals and mudstones， and overpressured fluids within coal seams create favorable conditions for CRG preservation. Preliminary estimates suggest that the Shahezi Formation in the northern Songliao Basin boasts CRG resources of approximately 1.260×1012 m3， including 0.853 × 1012 m3 in the Xujiaweizi Fault Depression， and both the gentle slope zone on the east side of the Songzhan trough and the Xuxi trough are identified as the preferred targets for CRG exploration in the fault depression.

Key words: exploration potential, potential exploration target, accumulation condition, coal-rock gas （CRG）, Shahezi Formation, Cretaceous, northern Songliao Basin

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