石油与天然气地质 ›› 2008, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (5): 683-689.doi: 10.11743/ogg20080518

• 地球物理勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

地震三维三分量技术在致密砂岩裂缝预测中的应用—以川西新场气田为例

杨克明1, 张虹2   

  1. 1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司 西南油气分公司,四川 成都 610000;
    2. 中国石油化工股份有限公司 西南油气分公司 石油勘探开发研究院 德阳分院,四川 德阳 618000
  • 收稿日期:2008-08-17 出版日期:2008-10-24 发布日期:2012-01-16

Application of 3D-3C seismic technique to the prediction of fractures in tight sandstone—an example from Xinchang gas field in the Western Sichuan Depression

Yang Keming1, Zhang Hong2   

  1. 1. Southwest Oil &, Gas Field Company, SINOPEC, Chengdu, Sichuan 610000, China;
    2. Deyang Branch of Research Institute of Exploration and Development, Southwest Oil &, Gas Field Company, SINOPEC, Deyang, Sichuan 618000, China
  • Received:2008-08-17 Online:2008-10-24 Published:2012-01-16

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摘要：

川西坳陷陆相沉积领域深层须家河组气藏具有"四超二复杂",即超深、超致密和低孔渗、超晚期构造、超高压及复杂的气水关系、复杂的储层非均质性的特点,常规地震勘探技术预测和识别如此复杂的储层和裂缝系统面临重大挑战,特别是裂缝预测成为川西须家河组地震勘探面临的最大难题。转换波三维三分量地震勘探技术在获得能够反映岩石骨架及流体特性的常规 P 波资料的基础上,同时获得了反映骨架和各向异性特性的C波资料,在纵、横波联合区分岩性、流体性质以及利用转换波各向异性和横波分裂预测裂缝方面均比单纯的纵波勘探具有明显的优势。在川西新场气田须家河组气藏,通过转换波三维三分量地震资料的综合解释,充分利用三维三分量的纵波信息和转换波信息,开展 P 波地震属性裂缝预测、方位各向异性裂缝检测、横波分裂裂缝检测等多方面研究工作。在单纯利用P波地震属性预测大尺度断裂和裂缝发育带的基础上,利用速度方位各向异性和横波分裂预测了小尺度裂缝网络系统,提高了裂缝预测的精度,较好解决了新场气田须家河组超致密储层裂缝预测问题。

关键词: 各向异性, 横波分裂, 裂缝检测, 裂缝型储层, 三维三分量, 地震勘探

Abstract:

The reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation in Western Sichuan Depression are characterized by ultradeep burial,ultra-tightness,ultra-low porosity,ultra-low permeability,ultra-late structures,ultra-high pressure, complex GWC,and complex anisotropy.Therefore,conventional seismic techniques are faced with great challenges when predicting and identifying such complex reservoirs and fracture systems,especially the fractures in Xujiahe Formation in the Western Sichuan Depression.Both conventional P-wave data,which could reflect the characteristics of matrix and fluid,and C-wave data,which could reflect matrix and anisotropy,could be achieved by using 3D-3C converted wave technique.This technique is of more advantages than simple P-wave technique in respect of identifying lithology and fluid property by using combined P-and S-wave data as well as predicting fractures by using azimuthal anisotropy of converted wave and split S-wave data.In view of the characteristics of the Xujiahe Formation gas reservoirs in Xinchang gas field,P-waves and converted waves 3D-3C data are fully utilized to perform fracture prediction with P-wave attributes,fracture detection with azimuthal anisotropy and fracture detection with split S-wave based on integrated interpretation of converted waves of 3D-3C data.Based on prediction of large-scale faults and fractured zones by only using P-wave attributes,small-scale fracture network is predicted by using azimuthal anisotropy and split S-waves.The problem of fracture prediction for the tight reservoirs in the Xujiahe Formation in Xinchang gas field is solved and the prediction accuracy is improved.

Key words: anisotropy, split S-wave, fracture detection, fractured reservoir, 3D-3C, seismic exploration

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