中国中西部四大盆地碎屑岩油气成藏体系及其分布规律

doi:10.11743/ogg20120410

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

中西部四大盆地(鄂尔多斯、四川、准噶尔和塔里木)晚古生代以来经历了台内坳陷、陆内坳陷及(类)前陆盆地的演化过程,以发育碎屑岩为特色,陆内坳陷发育大面积分布的烃源岩,类前陆盆地发育较厚的优质烃源岩,奠定了碎屑岩层系良好的资源基础。碎屑岩层系发育内源、外源和混源3大类6个亚类油气成藏体系。内源成藏体系是寻找大中型油气田的主要领域,在四大盆地间具有下气上油、北早南晚和向南天然气增多的分布规律。成藏与富集主控因素是烃源岩与储层的配置关系,沉积斜坡和山前冲断带是此类成藏体系的有利勘探区带。外源成藏体系的分布与内源成藏具有明显的互补特征,从而拓展了碎屑岩油气勘探的层系和地区。外源油气成藏体系在四大盆地间分布具有南多北少的特征。成藏与富集主控因素是海相层系的油气资源条件和垂向输导体系。海相层系的古隆起区与中、新生代的断裂发育区,是寻找外源油气成藏体系的有利地区。

关键词: 成藏体系, 油气富集, 碎屑岩层系, 中国中西部

Abstract:

Since the Late Paleozoic,the four large-sized basins(i.e.Ordos,Sichuan,Junggar and Tarim)in central-western China have experienced a similar evolution process from cratonic depression to intra-continental depression and finally to foreland(pseudo-foreland)basin,and their deposition features in thick clastic rocks.Hydrocarbon source rocks were widely developed in the intra-continental depressions,while thick high-quality source rocks were deposited in the pseudo-foreland basins,providing favorable basis for hydrocarbon accumulation in the clastic strata in the four basins.There are three types(inner-sourcing,out-sourcing and hybrid-sourcing)and six subtypes of petroleum accumulation systems.The inner-sourcing petroleum accumulation system is the major target for large- and medium-sized oil/gas reservoirs.For the inner-sourcing systems in the four basins,their oil and gas distribution has features of oil in upper part and gas in lower part as well as more gas to the south,their hydrocarbon accumulation were developed early in the north and late in the south.The temporal and spatial combination of source rock and reservoir is the major factor controlling hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment.Slope zone and piedmont thrust belt are play fairways for these inner-sourcing systems.The distribution of the out-sourcing and inner-sourcing system are significantly complimentary,so greatly broadening the area and horizons for petroleum exploration in the clastic strata.The out-sourcing systems are distributed mainly in the south parts in the four basins.Hydrocarbon resource condition of marine strata and vertical migration pathways are major factors controlling hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment in the out-sourcing systems.The paleo-uplift zones of marine strata and the Meso-Cenozoic faults zones are the play fairways for petroleum exploration in the out-sourcing system.

Key words: petroleum accumulation system, hydrocarbon enrichment, clastic strata, central-western China

中图分类号:

TE112.3

胡宗全,尹伟,伍新和,等. 中国中西部四大盆地碎屑岩油气成藏体系及其分布规律[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2012, 33(4): 561-570. doi: 10.11743/ogg20120410 Hu Zongquan,Yin Wei,Wu Xinhe,et al. Petroleum accumulation systems of clastic strata and their distribution in the four large-sized basins in central-western China[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2012, 33(4): 561-570. doi: 10.11743/ogg20120410

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