中国南海西沙地区西科1井中新统梅山组白云岩特征及成因

doi:10.11743/ogg20200119

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南海新生代碳酸盐台地发育，在西沙地区碳酸盐岩层序中白云岩常见。通过对西科1井白云岩的宏观形态、微观特征以及碳、氧同位素、主微量元素测试分析，描述了中新统梅山组白云岩的特征。西科1井梅山组主要发育4套厚度不一的白云岩层，颜色各异，孔隙发育。厚层白云岩中可见砂糖状白云岩，且往往分布在古暴露面之下；薄层白云岩表现为弱固结，白云岩化不彻底。白云石晶体以平直面半自形-自形晶为主，部分粉、细晶白云石发育雾心亮边。梅山组碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素值整体呈现一定的相关性，而白云岩的碳、氧同位素值相关性不明显。白云岩沉积时的古盐度值略高正常海水，且白云岩层中氧同位素值均为正值，说明其不受岩浆热液流体及有机酸溶液的影响。梅山组薄层白云岩多为灰质云岩，白云岩整体具有低铁、低锶、低锰的特征，说明其镁离子来源主要为海源。稀土元素具有低Ce、低Eu的特点，综合认为梅山组白云岩以渗透回流成因为主，且受到地热增温的影响，具有高孔隙度、高渗透率的特点，具有良好的储层潜力。

关键词: 地球化学, 岩石学特征, 白云岩, 梅山组, 中新世, 南海

Abstract:

Cenozoic carbonate platform was well developed in South China Sea, and dolostones are quite common in carbonate sequences of Xisha Islands. The characteristics of the Miocene Meishan dolomite is described by studying the macro-and micro-scopic features of dolostones, the carbon and oxygen isotopes, and main/trace elements in Well Xike 1. Mainly four categories of dolostones were developed in the Meishan Formation in Well Xike 1, which are different in thickness, color and porosity. Sucrosic dolomites, commonly distributed under the ancient exposed surface, can be seen in thick-bedded dolostones. While thin-bedded dolostones feature loose consolidation and incomplete dolomitization.The dolomite crystals are dominated by subhedral-idiomorphic flat surfaces, and bright edge and foggy center are seen in some dolomites of very fine to fine-crystallized crystals. The carbon and oxygen isotopes of carbonate rocks in the Meishan Formation show certain correlation, while the correlation of carbon and oxygen isotopic values in the dolostones is insignificant. The paleosalinity value of dolostones is calculated to be slightly higher than that of contemporaneous seawater. The oxygen isotopic value of dolostones is positive, indicating that the dolomitization was not affected by magmatic hydrothermal fluids and organic acid solution.Most thin-bedded dolomites in the Meishan Formation are calcareous dolostones, low in Fe, Sr and Mn concentrations, suggesting that the source of magnesium ions is mainly seawater. The rare earth elements (REE) are characterized by low Ce and Eu. In conclusion, the dolomitization in the study might have been caused by seepage reflux, and is characterized by high porosity and permeability as a result of geothermal warming, implying good reservoir potential.

Key words: geochemistry, petrological characteristics, dolostone, Meishan Formation, Miocene, South China Sea

中图分类号:

TE122.2

银河,王亚辉,刘娟,等. 中国南海西沙地区西科1井中新统梅山组白云岩特征及成因[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(1): 209-222. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200119 He Yin,Yahui Wang,Juan Liu,et al. Characteristics and origin of dolostones in the Miocene Meishan Formation in Well Xike 1, Xisha Islands, South China Sea[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(1): 209-222. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200119

图/表 11

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图2

图3

图4

西沙地区西科1井梅山组白云岩微观特征 a.第1套厚层白云岩中灰质白云岩中生物格架孔中见亮晶白云石，梅一段，埋深618.74 m，单偏光；b.第1套厚层白云岩中粉晶-细晶不等粒白云岩，亮晶白云石胶结物沉淀于孔隙中，晶体大，梅一段，埋深621.97 m，单偏光；c.第1套厚层白云岩中灰质云岩，粉晶白云石交代成因的残余生屑，梅一段，埋深630.43 m，单偏光；d.第2套厚层白云岩中灰质云岩，生屑铸模孔中粉晶-细晶白云石半自形晶-自形晶，具雾心亮边，部分白云石有去云化现象，梅二段，埋深758.08 m，单偏光；e.第2套厚层白云岩中粉晶-细晶白云岩，白云石发育雾心亮边，相对上部白云石较大且多，梅二段，埋深773.16 m，单偏光；f.薄层白云岩中白云质灰岩，发育亮晶白云石，白云石呈半自形-自形晶，干净且明亮，红藻白云岩化较彻底，而其他生屑白云岩化程度较弱，部分亮晶白云石沿解列面发育去白云岩化现象，梅二段，埋深901.61 m，单偏光；g.薄层白云岩中粉晶-细晶白云岩，自形晶白云石具雾心亮边，梅二段，埋深938.36 m，单偏光；h.第3套厚层白云岩中粉晶-细晶白云岩，发育亮晶白云石，生屑被白云石交代轮廓清晰可见，整体看来白云石较脏，发育雾心亮边白云石，孔隙性不好，梅二段，埋深978.49 m，单偏光；i.第3套厚层白云岩中粉-细晶云岩，白云石雾心亮边明显，生屑具有残余结构，生物铸模孔发育，梅二段，埋深1 025.06 m，单偏光；j.第2套厚层白云岩中粉晶-细晶云岩，晶体以自形晶为主，溶孔中见不等粒白云石晶体，梅二段，埋深761.00 m；k.薄层白云岩中粉晶云岩中见生物结构，生物体腔孔中见自形程度高的白云石，梅二段，埋深897.90 m；l.第3套厚层白云岩中藻云岩，红藻体腔中多由微晶白云石组成，而细晶白云石存在于孔隙附近，梅二段，埋深966.90 m"

图4

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图9

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白云岩层位	件数	CaO/%	MgO/%	Sr/10^-6	TFe/10^-6	Mn/10^-6
第1套厚层	10	34.06~37.19/345.64	15.08~18.66/18.06	45.0~152.0/118.6	37.0~362.0/139.0	3.6~19.0/7.4
第2套厚层	6	33.30~39.00/34.85	14.10~19.00/16.89	139.0~226/184.5	15.0~210.0/80.3	7.1~17.0/11.5
薄层	4	33.70~36.80/34.90	18.55~18.70/17.02	90.0~159.0/140.3	19.0~210.0/92.3	9.0~16.0/13.3
第3套厚层	7	33.90~38.62/35.60	14.13~18.59/17.02	127.0~242.0/166.5	14.0~248.6/96.7	10.0~20.1/15.4

白云岩层位	件数	δ¹³C(PDB)/‰	δ¹⁸O(PDB)/‰
第1套厚层白云岩	10	2.626~3.051/2.789	2.293~4.619/3.484
第2套厚层白云岩	6	2.670~3.146/2.901	0.892~3.290/1.831
薄层白云岩	4	1.800~2.180/1.969	0.987~4.070/2.568
第3套厚层白云岩	7	2.167~2.340/2.228	2.173~3.303/2.603
灰岩	48	-4.788~2.951/0.959	-7.021~1.444/-2.110
灰质云岩	8	1.214~2.944/2.061	0.802~4.105/2.278
云质灰岩	6	1.546~2.034/1.777	-2.761~1.980/-0.339

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