生烃伴生酸性流体对碳酸盐岩储层改造效应的模拟实验

doi:10.11743/ogg20200120

石油与天然气地质 ›› 2020, Vol. 41 ›› Issue (1): 223-234.doi: 10.11743/ogg20200120

• • 上一篇

生烃伴生酸性流体对碳酸盐岩储层改造效应的模拟实验

丁茜^1,^2,³(), 何治亮^1,^3,^4,*(), 王静彬^2,^3,⁵, 朱东亚^1,^2,³

1. 页岩油气富集机理与有效开发国家重点实验室, 北京 100083
2. 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083
3. 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院构造与沉积储层实验室, 北京 100083
4. 中国石油化工股份有限公司, 北京 100728
5. 中国地质大学(北京), 北京 100083

收稿日期:2019-07-30 出版日期:2020-02-01 发布日期:2020-01-19
通讯作者: 何治亮 E-mail:dingqian.syky@sinopec.com;hezhiliang@sinopec.com
作者简介:丁茜(1987-),女,博士、高级工程师,碳酸盐岩储层。E-mail:dingqian.syky@sinopec.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41702134);国家自然科学基金项目(U1663209);国家自然科学基金项目(91755211);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA14010201)

Simulation experiment of carbonate reservoir modification by source rock-derived acidic fluids

Qian Ding^1,^2,³(), Zhiliang He^1,^3,^4,*(), Jingbin Wang^2,^3,⁵, Dongya Zhu^1,^2,³

1. State Key Laboratory of Shale Oil and Gas Enrichment Mechanisms and Effective Development, Beijing 100083, China
2. Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
3. Laboratory of Structural and Sedimentological Reservoir Geology, Petroleum Exploration & Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China
4. China Petroleum & Chemical Corporation, Beijing 100728, China
5. China University of Geosciences(Beijing), Beijing 100083, China

Received:2019-07-30 Online:2020-02-01 Published:2020-01-19
Contact: Zhiliang He E-mail:dingqian.syky@sinopec.com;hezhiliang@sinopec.com
Supported by:
国家自然科学基金项目(41702134);国家自然科学基金项目(U1663209);国家自然科学基金项目(91755211);中国科学院A类战略性先导科技专项(XDA14010201)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

深层-超深层碳酸盐岩是目前油气勘探聚焦的重点领域，其储层的形成和保持机制是制约深层储层预测的关键科学问题。为了明确埋藏溶蚀作用下酸性流体对碳酸盐岩储层物性的影响，有必要开展烃源岩地层孔隙生烃模拟和溶蚀模拟实验（简称生烃及溶蚀模拟实验），定性定量厘清中、深层埋藏环境下烃源岩与碳酸盐岩储层演化过程。采用自主研发设计的生烃模拟实验装置和溶蚀模拟实验装置，以塔里木盆地奥陶系鹰山组灰岩和云南禄劝低成熟烃源岩为实验对象，利用岩相学和地球化学相结合的分析手段，查明中、深埋藏环境下生烃热演化过程中伴生的复杂酸性流体改造碳酸盐岩储层的过程及其控制因素，探索烃源岩生烃过程对碳酸盐岩围岩的改造规律。实验表明：中、深层埋藏环境下烃源岩热演化过程中伴生的有机酸和CO₂等酸性流体对碳酸盐岩储层产生明显溶蚀作用，扩大原有储集空间并提高孔隙度，并且随着埋藏深度增加，溶蚀作用明显减弱；流体在运移过程中是否能够改善储层物性，由流体中的碳酸钙饱和度、流体流速、水岩比以及原始孔隙结构等因素共同决定。此研究能够为深层-超深层碳酸盐岩优质储层的预测提供一定的理论基础。

关键词: 有机酸性流体, 埋藏溶蚀, 深层-超深层, 碳酸盐岩, 奥陶系, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

The deep and ultra-deep carbonate reservoirs are the major targets of exploration, but their prediction is quite complicated due to the poor understanding of their formation and maintenance mechanism. It is essential to perform hydrocarbon generation and dissolution simulation experiments to quantitatively and qualitatively clarify the evolution process of source rocks and carbonate reservoirs in deep layers. In this study, a series of experiments were conducted with the limestone samples from the Ordovician Yingshan Formation in the Tarim Basin, and the low maturity source rock samples from Luquan County, Yunnan Province, via self-designed hydrocarbon generation and dissolution simulation equipments. The controlling factors accounting for the alteration of carbonate reservoirs and dissolution modification process by the complex acidic fluids associated with hydrocarbon generation in medium-to-deep burial environments were investigated using petrographic and geochemical methods. In the meantime, the transformation mechanism of surrounding carbonate reservoirs during hydrocarbon generation process of source rocks was explored. The results show that: during the medium-deep burial stage, acidic fluids including organic acid and CO₂ associated with thermal evolution of source rocks could dissolve carbonate reservoirs, expanding their reservoir space, and thus improving porosity. Dissolution would decrease with the increasing burial depth. Whether the migrating fluids could improve the physical properties of reservoir largely depends on such factors as calcium carbonate saturation, fluid velocity, water/rock ratio, and original pore structure. The study can provide a theoretical basis for prediction of high-quality carbonate reservoirs in deep and ultra-deep formations.

Key words: organic acidic fluid, burial dissolution, deep-to-ultra-deep formation, carbonate rock, Ordovician, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.2

丁茜,何治亮,王静彬,等. 生烃伴生酸性流体对碳酸盐岩储层改造效应的模拟实验[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2020, 41(1): 223-234. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200120 Qian Ding,Zhiliang He,Jingbin Wang,et al. Simulation experiment of carbonate reservoir modification by source rock-derived acidic fluids[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2020, 41(1): 223-234. doi: 10.11743/ogg20200120

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生烃模拟					溶蚀模拟
埋深/m	R_o/%	地温梯度/(℃·km^-1)	模拟生烃温度/℃	体系	埋深/m	温度梯度/(℃·km^-1)	溶蚀温度/℃	溶蚀压力/MPa	体系
3 100	0.90	32	330	封	2 000	32	89	20	开
4 000	1.12	32	350	闭	3 300	32	131	33	放
4 900	1.39	32	375	体	4 000	32	153	40	体
5 700	1.63	32	420	系	4 700	32	169	47	系

样品编号	岩性	层位	TOC/%	有机质类型	T_max/℃	HI/(mg·g^-1)	生烃潜力
LQ-1-2	泥灰岩	D	5.14	Ⅱ₁	427	377	好
LQ-2-2	泥灰岩	D	5.39	Ⅱ₁	431	435	好
LQ-3-2	泥灰岩	D	5.82	Ⅱ₁	431	413	好

生烃温度/℃	溶蚀温度/℃	溶蚀实验前					溶蚀实验后					溶蚀实验前、后变化率/%
		溶蚀前质量m₁	CO₂/%	阳离子含量/(mg·L^-1)			溶蚀后质量m₂	CO₂/%	阳离子含量/(mg·L^-1)			质量	CO₂相对含量	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺
		溶蚀前质量m₁	CO₂/%	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺	溶蚀后质量m₂	CO₂/%	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺	质量	CO₂相对含量	Mg²⁺	Ca²⁺	Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺
330	89	34.734 38	58.68	2.46	87.7	90.16	34.562 87	43.44	9.09	203.0	212.09	0.497	25.97	2.70	1.31	1.35
350	131	37.173 29	43.05	2.28	55.4	57.68	37.085 78	36.42	6.12	106.0	112.12	0.240	15.39	1.68	0.91	0.94
375	153	40.961 26	37.57	4.22	93.9	98.12	40.940 60	34.16	9.63	175.0	184.63	0.050	9.07	1.28	0.86	0.88
420	169	46.957 84	38.01	2.87	16.2	19.07	46.943 57	34.74	6.05	31.1	37.15	0.030	8.61	1.11	0.92	0.95

离子含量/(mg·L^-1)	生烃温度/℃	溶蚀温度/℃	时间/h
离子含量/(mg·L^-1)	生烃温度/℃	溶蚀温度/℃	0.5	1.0	1.5	2.0	2.5	3.0	3.5	4.0	4.5	5.0	5.5	6.0	6.5
Ca²⁺+Mg²⁺	330	89	240.42	-	237.55	-	211.12	-	214.96	-	242.81	-	266.37	-	-
	350	131	153.14	-	172.64	-	259.08	-	231.73	-	211.76	-	245.42	-	246.01
	375	153	153.69	-	-	137.71	-	-	193.30	-	200.90	-	-	291.40	-
	420	169	-	-	145.42	-	-	169.85	-	-	201.54	-	-	226.93	-

生烃温度/℃	溶蚀温度/℃	反应前孔隙度/%	反应前渗透率/(10^-3 μm²)	反应后孔隙度/%	反应后渗透率/(10^-3 μm²)	孔隙度变化率/%	渗透率变化率/%
330	89	1.49	1.300	-	-	-	-
350	131	1.43	0.733	1.54	-	7.7	-
375	153	1.00	0.740	1.10	0.157	10.0	-79
420	169	0.89	1.082	1.03	0.133	16.0	-88

生烃伴生酸性流体对碳酸盐岩储层改造效应的模拟实验

Simulation experiment of carbonate reservoir modification by source rock-derived acidic fluids

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