石油与天然气地质 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (6): 1582-1594.doi: 10.11743/ogg20230619
张三1(), 金强2, 史今雄1, 胡明毅1, 段梦悦3, 李永强4, 张旭栋2, 程付启2
收稿日期:
2023-07-07
修回日期:
2023-10-17
出版日期:
2023-12-01
发布日期:
2023-12-20
第一作者简介:
张三(1990—),男,博士、讲师,碳酸盐岩沉积、储层研究。E?mail: 基金项目:
San ZHANG1(), Qiang JIN2, Jinxiong SHI1, Mingyi HU1, Mengyue DUAN3, Yongqiang LI4, Xudong ZHANG2, Fuqi CHENG2
Received:
2023-07-07
Revised:
2023-10-17
Online:
2023-12-01
Published:
2023-12-20
摘要:
基于野外露头、油田钻井、测井及地震资料,从溶洞充填物类型及旋回组合分析入手,开展古岩溶地下河溶洞充填序列及规律研究,同时探讨其油气地质意义。研究结果表明,塔河油田奥陶系岩溶地下河溶洞充填率达89.9 %,且以沉积砂泥岩和垮塌角砾岩充填为主,发育下粗上细多个组合旋回,构成多旋回沉积充填组合和多旋回垮塌-沉积充填组合2种类型。前者分布于岩溶斜坡下游地貌平坦区,放空漏失井比例小、低产井比例高;后者分布于地貌落差较大的岩溶斜坡上游区,放空漏失井比例大,出现大量高产井。分析认为,地下河迂回曲折的空间结构及其径流强搬运能力,使大量岩溶碎屑物质充填其中,导致其超高充填率;潜水面季节性升降使其充填物具旋回性及可对比性,加之水流冲蚀和构造活动,导致溶洞多期垮塌,构成了上游区多旋回垮塌-沉积充填组合,未充填空间发育;地下相对封闭的碳酸钙过饱和环境,使其充填物钙质胶结严重,孔隙度降低;未充填空间将是油气挖潜的重点靶区。
中图分类号:
图2
塔北地区奥陶系地下河溶洞充填特征及充填物类型a.塔北西克尔岩溶露头,一间房组,溶洞被沉积钙质砂泥岩充填,野外照片;b.塔北硫磺沟岩溶露头,鹰山组,溶洞下部被具沉积层理的钙质砂泥岩充填,上部为垮塌角砾充填,顶部出现未充填空间,野外照片;c.T502井,埋深5 439.74 m,鹰山组,溶洞内砂泥岩充填物,具正韵律特征,岩心照片;d.S70井,埋深5 498.21 m,一间房组,溶洞内砂泥岩充填物,具沉积层理结构,岩心照片;e.AD8井,埋深6 042.56 m,鹰山组,溶洞内角砾岩充填物,砾石大小混杂、呈次棱角状,个别具一定磨圆度,成分为奥陶系灰岩,岩心照片;f.S75井,埋深5 516.89 m,鹰山组,溶洞内沉积砾岩及化学淀积方解石充填物,岩心照片"
图10
塔河油田奥陶系地下河溶洞不同类型充填物孔隙发育特征a.T615井,埋深5 547.23~5547.48 m,岩心照片,地下河溶洞石英砂岩充填物,其中①为不含油段,石英颗粒呈点接触,钙质胶结强(茜素红染色薄片显微照片,正交光),测试孔隙度5.6 %,②为含油段,石英颗粒呈点接触,钙质胶结弱(茜素红染色薄片显微照片,正交光),测试孔隙度23.4 %;b.T615井,埋深5 557.52 m,岩心照片,地下河溶洞沉积砾岩,砾石为奥陶系灰岩,砾间充填石英砂岩,石英颗粒呈点-线接触,钙质胶结强(③为对应位置茜素红染色铸体薄片显微照片,正交光),测试孔隙度,4.2 %;c.T403井,埋深5 539.21 m,岩心照片,地下河溶洞垮塌角砾间岩,砾间充填泥质与淀积钙化(方解石),方解石晶粒粗大,测试孔隙度0.6 %(④为对应位置普通薄片显微照片,正交光)"
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