热液白云岩发育模式——以扎格罗斯盆地白垩系A油田为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20150307

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对扎格罗斯盆地白垩系A油田Kometan组异常白云岩分布特征，利用岩心岩石学特征描述、裂缝统计、地震、测井资料综合解释及与其他实例对比等方法，分析了研究区热液白云岩化作用的识别标志、发育时间与范围，探讨了其成因模式及对储层的改造。热液白云化作用主要改造Kometan组和Shiranish组底部，基质灰岩被热液改造为连晶、半自形、粗晶白云石，早期张性裂缝中充填鞍形白云石和硬石膏，天青石-鞍形白云石-硬石膏为主要热液矿物组合。热液白云岩化作用主要发生在张性或扭张性断裂系统的上盘（地堑内），具有成层性，在断裂破碎带附近的灰岩地层也被热液改造，热液活动的主要时期是生长断层活动期。热液白云岩化作用对储层的改造具有复杂性，在主断层附近由于发生过度白云岩化作用，储层质量无明显改善，而热液改造适中的层段基质孔隙度可提高。同时由于白云岩化作用提高了裂缝发育密度，进而改善了储层的渗流能力。基于对热液白云岩的这些认识，有利于研究区油藏储层建模与生产部署。

关键词: 裂缝, 热液白云岩, 成因模式, 碳酸盐岩, 白垩系, 扎格罗斯盆地

Abstract: Based on core petrographic description, fracture statistics, comprehensive interpretation of seismic and logging data, analogues with other confirmed examples, this paper analyzed the identification marks, development timing, genetic model and distribution of the hydrothermal dolomitization and its alteration on the reservoir quality, so as to analyze the abnormal distribution of dolomite in the Kometan Formation of the Cretaceous oilfield A in Zagros Basin.The most part of Kometan Formation and the lower part of the Shiranish Formation in two wells were altered by hydrothermal dolomitization.The matrix limestone there was replaced by hydrothermal flow with the crystal intergrowth, half automorphic, and coarse grain dolomite.Early extensional fractures were filled with saddle dolomite and anhydrite.Celestine-saddle dolomite-anhydrite is the main hydrothermal mineral assemblage and can be used to identify the hydrothermal origin.The hydrothermal dolomitization preferentially flow upwards along the extensional and transtensional fault systems, where dolomitization mainly occurs on the hanging walls(graben)and extends laterally in the porous and permeable layers.In this case, the geometry of altered rocks was with stratification, the limestone strata near the fractured zone were also altered by hydrothermal dolomitization which display great irregularity. The alteration of hydrothermal dolomitization on reservoir is complicated.The dolostone formed along the main fault has lower matrix porosity than dolomite a little far from main faults, because over-dolomitization usually happened in the position with more active hydrothermal fluid flow.Local reservoir quality is obviously improved with matrix porosity of about 6%.The dolomite is generally more fractured than the limestone, so dolomitization has greatly increased the fracture density and improve the flow capacity of the reservoir.This study is significant for reservoir modeling and production strategies.

Key words: fracture, hydrothermal dolomitization, genetic model, carbonate, Cretaceous, Zagros Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.1

张涛,苏玉山,佘刚,等. 热液白云岩发育模式——以扎格罗斯盆地白垩系A油田为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2015, 36(3): 393-401. doi: 10.11743/ogg20150307 Zhang Tao,Su Yushan,She Gang,et al. A study on the genetic model of hydrothermal dolomitization in Taq Taq oilfield, Kurdistan region,Iraq—taking oilfield A in the Cretaceous in Zagros Basin as an example[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015, 36(3): 393-401. doi: 10.11743/ogg20150307

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