喜马拉雅中晚期断弯褶皱-大气水岩溶储集体形成——以塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪-羊吉坎大湾沟组碳酸盐岩为例

doi:10.11743/ogg20190405

石油与天然气地质 ›› 2019, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (4): 738-751.doi: 10.11743/ogg20190405

喜马拉雅中晚期断弯褶皱-大气水岩溶储集体形成——以塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪-羊吉坎大湾沟组碳酸盐岩为例

钱一雄¹, 田蜜¹, 李慧莉², 陈跃¹, 沙旭光³, 李洪泉³

1. 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院无锡石油地质研究所, 江苏无锡 214151;
2. 中国石化石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083;
3. 中国石化西北油田分公司石油勘探开发研究院, 新疆乌鲁木齐 830011

收稿日期:2018-01-15 修回日期:2018-11-08 出版日期:2019-08-28 发布日期:2019-06-01
第一作者简介:钱一雄(1962-),男,博士、教授级高级工程师,碳酸盐岩沉积与储层。E-mail:qyx9167@vip.sina.com。
基金项目:
国家重点研发计划专项（2017YFC0603103）；石油化工联合基金项目（U1663209）；国家科技重大专项（2011ZX05005-0023）。

Formation of fault bend fold-controlled meteoric karst reservoir in the middle and late Himalayan movement: A case study of the Dawangou Formation carbonate rocks at Yangjikan section, Keping, northwestern Tarim Basin

Qian Yixiong¹, Tian Mi¹, Li Huili², Chen Yue¹, Sha Xuguang³, Li Hongquan³

1. Wuxi Research Institute of Petroleum Geology, Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214151, China;
2. Petroleum Exploration and Production Research Institute, SINOPEC, Beijing 100083, China;
3. Research Institute of Exploration and Development of Northwest Oilfield Branch Company, SINOPEC, Urumqi, Xinjiang 830011, China

Received:2018-01-15 Revised:2018-11-08 Online:2019-08-28 Published:2019-06-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在新疆柯坪羊吉坎中奥陶统大湾沟组碳酸盐岩岩溶特征刻画的基础上，采用了岩相学、地球化学以及褶皱脱空分析等综合研究，并结合了古气候分析等溶蚀实验结果，揭示了喜马拉雅中晚期受断弯褶皱抬升及大气水溶蚀控制岩溶作用过程；估算了受构造挤压的层间滑脱以及溶蚀作用所产生孔隙大小。褶皱脱空（VSD模拟计算）可产生0.2%~0.5%孔隙发育带，占目前有效空洞率的1/50~1/100，但前者为“达西流及溶蚀作用”起了重要的作用。羊吉坎岩溶剖面中发育了机械破碎-流水充填物（角砾岩）、钙华及巨晶方解石；与大湾沟组的围岩相比，其δ¹³C（PDB），δ¹⁸O（PDB）偏负明显、两者呈线性关系，缝洞中方解石中发育了单相盐水溶液包裹体，典型的大气水岩溶标志；由下而上连续钙华沉积δ¹³C（PDB），δ¹⁸O（PDB），δ³⁴S（V-CDT）偏负的程度减弱；从钙华、巨粗晶至（长）柱面的偏三角面体的方解石中，Al₂O₃，Fe₂O₃，MgO，K₂O，Na₂O含量依次降低；反映了半潮湿-潮湿至半潮湿-干旱气候条件及其水动力的变化。进一步推断，在潮湿气候和强水动力条件下，高1.5~2.0 m的溶洞体最短可在5 ka内形成，而相对干旱期需要较长的时间。

关键词: 褶皱脱空(VSD), 地球化学, 岩溶, 碳酸盐岩, 大湾沟组, 喜马拉雅中晚期, 柯坪-羊吉坎, 塔里木盆地

Abstract: The karst profile at Yangjikan section, Keping, northwestern Tarim Basin, provides an excellent opportunity to evaluate the relative importance of reaction between fault bend fold-controlled uplift and meteoric water dissolution-controlled karstification during the middle and late Himalayan movement; and then the porosity caused by interlayer decollement under structural compression and dissolution was estimated, in line with the comprehensive study of petrographic, geochemical and fold disengaging analyses.The fold disengaging(simulated with VSD)facilitated the result of 0.2%-0.5% porous zones, accounting for 1/50-1/100 of the effective and actual empty-cavity rate.However, the porous zones have played a significant role in Darcy flow channel formation and karstification.The breccias related to mechanical fracture filling, calcareous tufas and megacrystalline calcites are well developed in the Yangjikan section karst reservoir.Compared to the surrounding rocks of the Dawangou Formation, the negative and linear correlation of δ¹⁸O(PDB)and δ¹³C(PDB)in the formation is distinct, and single-phase aqueous inclusions, typical products of meteoric water karstification, grew in the megacryst calcites within fractures and cavities.A successive tufa depositions from the lower to the upper section of karst profile, are characteristic of weakening negative depleted δ¹³O(PDB), δ¹⁸O(PDB) and δ³⁴S(V-CDT).The content of Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, MgO, K₂O, and Na₂O decreases from tufas to megacrystalline calcites to(long)cylindrical scalenohedron calcites, indicating a transition in climate conditions from semi-wet to humid, to semi-humid and then to drought, as well as changes of hydrodynamic conditions.Moreover, the karst cavern of 1.5m-2.0m high can be formed within less than 5ka under a hot humid and strong hydrodynamic condition, while it may take a longer time in semi-humid and drought climate.

Key words: fold disengaging(VSD), geochemistry, karst, carbonate rock, Dawangou Formation, Middle and Late Himalayan movement, Keping-Yangjikan, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.1

钱一雄,田蜜,李慧莉,等. 喜马拉雅中晚期断弯褶皱-大气水岩溶储集体形成——以塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪-羊吉坎大湾沟组碳酸盐岩为例[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2019, 40(4): 738-751. doi: 10.11743/ogg20190405 Qian Yixiong,Tian Mi,Li Huili,et al. Formation of fault bend fold-controlled meteoric karst reservoir in the middle and late Himalayan movement: A case study of the Dawangou Formation carbonate rocks at Yangjikan section, Keping, northwestern Tarim Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2019, 40(4): 738-751. doi: 10.11743/ogg20190405

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喜马拉雅中晚期断弯褶皱-大气水岩溶储集体形成——以塔里木盆地西北缘柯坪-羊吉坎大湾沟组碳酸盐岩为例

Formation of fault bend fold-controlled meteoric karst reservoir in the middle and late Himalayan movement: A case study of the Dawangou Formation carbonate rocks at Yangjikan section, Keping, northwestern Tarim Basin

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